Purpose The objective of this study was to compare vocabulary size and composition in 2-year-olds learning Polish or English as measured by the Language Development Survey (LDS; Rescorla, 1989). Method Participants were 199 toddlers ( M = 24.14 months, SD 0.35) 422 U.S. 24.69 0.78). Results Test–retest reliability .92, internal consistency .99, concurrent validity .55. Girls had higher scores than boys. Mean LDS score significantly lower English, fewer children >200 words. Also, more...

Self-esteem is continuous and has stable characteristics, but it may also change, e.g., during transitions from one educational level to the next. In a prospective cross-sectional study over year half, 250 Polish early adolescents (N = 109, 54 girls; mean age at T1 12.68 years, SD 0.49) middle 141, 107 15.80, 0.44) were tested three times using Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, assessing both global self-esteem self-evaluation in eight domains. The change consistency of...

The theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to understand mental states in others. previous research has highlighted age- and language-dependent effects during childhood provided inconsistent data regarding role gender. Notably, these variables were rarely studied simultaneously among adolescents. Accordingly, this short longitudinal study explored age gender differences advanced ToM 233 13- 16-year-old Polish Controlling for language, results indicated that females outperformed males...

A growing body of research on theory mind (ToM) highlights its significance for childhood social outcomes. Extending the developmental scope this work, current study investigated links between advanced ToM abilities and peer attachment in adolescence. Polish adolescents (16 to 18 years old; N = 302; 57.6% girls) completed two measures reported their attachment. With effects age language controlled, girls scored higher than boys both However, association these was only significant boys. These...

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember perform an intended action at a specific future moment. The current study examined impact of age, task focality, and cue salience on PM in children aged 2 6 years, based multiprocess theory executive framework development. Additionally, explored relationship between various cognitive abilities their association with performance.

Purpose To date, there is no tool for assessing early pragmatic development of Polish-speaking children. This study aimed to adapt Polish a standardized parent report measure, the Language Use Inventory (LUI; O'Neill, 2009, in order enable cross-cultural comparisons and use LUI-Polish screen children 18-47 months age. We concentrated on sociocultural functional adaptation LUI demonstrate its reliability, developmental sensitivity, concurrent validity. Method Parents completed an online...

The main aim of the study was to investigate whether Children’s Social Understanding Scale (CSUS), a parent report technique, is valid and reliable measure Theory Mind (ToM) abilities in Polish-speaking children. Additionally, role language ToM development explored. A group 225 parents approximately 3.5-year-old Polish children tested using version CSUS. Their were with word comprehension test five behavioural tasks. Satisfactory psychometric properties CSUS observed positive correlations...

Abstract The development of self-regulation in early childhood is related to emotional regulation and attention, particular executive attention (Feldman, 2009; Posner & Rothbart, 1998). As the ability self-regulate crucial life (Casey et al., 2011), it important reveal predictors self-regulation. aim paper present results longitudinal studies on relationships between functioning emotion later self-regulatory abilities. 310 children were assessed at three time points. At 12 months age...

The current research aims at constructing a developmentally sensitive mindreading scale (i.e., battery of tasks measuring different aspects ability in children from 1 to 3.5 years age). Over 300 Polish were tested six-month intervals with 48 designed measure (for total six measurement occasions, T1-T6; NT1 = 357; MageT1 52,30 weeks; SD 1,73; 201 (56%) boys, 156 (44%) girls). Using latent trait modelling, factor was established. Support found for satisfactory reliability the that ultimately...

Abstract Analyses of interactions between an adult and a one-year-old child are often connected with studying early communicative competences, e.g. the child’s participation in turn-taking sequences, joint attention, use pointing gestures. Infants’ behaviors were studied using structured observational measure - Early Social Communication Scales (Mundy et al., 2003) study 358 12-month-old children. An exploratory factor analysis revealed: (i) distinction categories initiation response among...

The main aim of the study was to determine psychometric properties version Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) adapted Polish culture. Since temperament in toddlers being observed a laboratory, an external validity ECBQ also provided. Kagan’s observational paradigm used test 215 18-month-old children. Their parents completed twice, when children were 26 and 30 months old. results showed good internal consistency confirmed longitudinal stability scale. same three-factor solution...

The main aim of the present study was to establish whether inhibitory control (IC) abilities influence peeking and lying behaviours 2.5-year-olds, as measured by a modified temptation resistance paradigm (mTRP). Using longitudinal design, 252 children's IC were tested at ages 1.5, 2 2.5, well their ability lie age 2.5. Results showed that 35% 2.5-year-olds peeked, 27% peekers lied 40% non-peekers falsely confessed they had peeked. Non-peekers higher than Lower increased probability 2.5 6...

The aim of the present analysis is to describe developmental trajectory infant and toddler communicative competencies. Turn-taking, gaze-following, joint attention pointing gestures are most important expressions these competencies that could be measured by Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS Mundy et al., 2003). We results a research conducted with 358 one-year old children obtained through Polish version this scale (ESCS). validity reliability ESCS proved satisfactory. were analyzed...

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by significant changes and intensified social interactions. The role of parents decreases the importance peer groups increases. Peers, especially friends, may deliver instrumental aid emotional support; they also promote sense security be source affection intimacy. Additionally, relations provide testing ground for exercising many competencies necessary in complex situations, such as problem-solving, conflict resolution, negotiation....

Abstract Previous research on children's knowledge about the mind has primarily focused their comprehension of false beliefs, leaving conceptualization thoughts and thinking less explored. To address this gap, we developed a new assessment tool, interview ( IaM ), to assess understanding mind. Two studies involving Polish preschool early school‐aged children were conducted validity reliability tool: cross‐sectional study with 212 preschoolers aged three 6 years (106 boys, M = 59 months)...

Obserwowany w ostatnich latach wzrost zainteresowania problematyką funkcji zarządzających zaowocowal pojawieniem sie wielu doniesien z badan analizujących związki tych innymi obszarami rozwoju, takimi jak jezyk czy teoria umyslu. Stosunkowo malo natomiast znaleźc mozna nad związkami i rozwoju emocjonalnego, mimo iz rolą jest kontrola nie tylko myśli zachowania, ale rowniez emocji (Best in., 2009). W artykule przedstawiono doniesienia dwoch aspektow funkcjonowania emocjonalnego: regulacji...