The molecular mechanisms underlying complex social behaviours such as dominance are largely unknown. Studying the cooperatively breeding African cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, we show that dominant females were similar to males in behaviour, high testosterone levels and brain arginine vasotocin expression (a neuropeptide involved vertebrate territorial, reproductive behaviours) compared subordinate helpers, but had lower of 11-ketotestosterone than males. Furthermore, gene profiles most...

While the burden of cancer in Africa is rapidly rising, there a lack investment healthcare professionals to deliver care. Here we report results survey systemic therapy workload oncologists comparison other countries.An online was distributed through snowball method via national oncology societies chemotherapy-prescribing physicians 65 countries. The within network associated with African Organisation for Research and Training Cancer (AORTIC). Workload measured as annual number new patient...

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among women globally. Most in Ghana present with advanced stage disease. The aim this study to characterize sociocultural factors associated delayed presentation. Materials and Methods Qualitative (grounded theory, constant comparative method) using individual in-depth interviews breast patients seen at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra, Ghana. Interviews were conducted English three local languages. We achieved theoretical...

Cancer mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), partly due to inadequate treatment access. We explored access and affordability of cancer regimens for the top 10 cancers utilizing examples from Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda.Population, healthcare financing, minimum wage, incidence data were obtained WHO, World Bank, public sources, GLOBOCAN. National Essential Medicines List (NEML) alignment with 2019 WHO EML was assessed as a proportion. regimen pricing calculated using proprietary sources...

Infections are a leading cause of death in patients with cancer, but the proportion and rate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) hospitalized cancer not well understood. This retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation AMR assessed adult 168 United States (US) healthcare facilities between April 2018 December 2022. Nonduplicate, noncontaminant Gram-negative Gram-positive bacteria recovered from various samples (blood, respiratory, urine, etc.) were used to assess pathogens per 1000 admissions among...

Stock outs of cancer drugs are potentially fatal but have not been systematically studied in low- and middle-income countries. The aim this study was to determine the availability alignment Botswana National Essential Medicines List (NEML) for with WHO's (EML).The cost were analyzed using data from a weekly stock catalog sent by Botswana's Central Medical Store all pharmacy departments government hospitals. Comparative extracted WHO EML "International Drug Price Indicator Guide-2014"...

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted cancer care globally. There are limited data of its impact in Africa. This study aims to characterize response strategies and on explore misconceptions

1628 Background: Low- to middle-income countries have disproportionately higher breast cancer (BC) mortality rates, partly due late-stage diagnosis. In people with HIV (PWH), BC is worse compared those without HIV. The WHO’s Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) proposes reduce through 3 identified pillars: (1) health promotion for early detection at least 60% of invasive diagnosed stage 1 or 2; (2) timely diagnosis, where evaluation, imaging, and pathology are completed within 60 days from...

Introduction Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the largest burden of mortality from childhood cancers with limited access to curative therapies. Few comparative analyses across all income groups world regions have examined availability acquisition costs essential medicines for treating in children. Methods A cross-sectional survey involved five groups—low-income (LIC), lower-middle-income (LMC), upper-middle-income (UMC), two high-income country (HIC1, HIC2). Physicians...

Objectives Narrative communication has demonstrated effectiveness in promoting positive health behaviours, delivering support and coping with complex decision-making. Formal research evaluating this intervention for cancer treatment Africa is lacking. We aimed to develop, assess acceptability usability of survivor video narrative interventions breast Botswana. Design A pilot study design. Setting Single-centre, tertiary hospital, sub-Saharan Africa. Participants Eight women, ≥18 years old,...

Abstract Background To characterize the clinico-pathological features including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR) and Her-2/neu (HER2) expression in breast cancers Botswana, to compare them by HIV status. Methods This was a retrospective study using data from National Health Laboratory Diagnofirm Medical Gaborone January 1, 2011 December 31, 2015. Clinico-pathological details of patients were abstracted electronic medical records. Results A total 384 unique cancer reports met our...

PURPOSE Patients who are HIV-positive and have breast cancer worse overall survival (OS) compared with patients HIV-negative. Pathologic complete response (pCR) relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy associated survival. We assessed whether pCR RDI rates were lower for received neoadjuvant (NACT). METHODS This was a prospective cohort analysis initiating NACT in Botswana (February 2017 to September 2019). Primary outcomes RDI; secondary OS toxicity. HIV status zidovudine (ZDV)...

Systemic treatment for breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is cost effective. However, there are limited real-world data on the translation of guidelines into clinical practice SSA. The study aimed to identify provider factors associated with adherence guideline-concordant care at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) Botswana.The Consolidated Framework Implementation Research was used conduct one-on-one semistructured interviews providers PMH. Purposive sampling used, and sample size...

Patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience a disproportionate burden of mortality. Fidelity to treatment guidelines, defined as receiving optimal dose and frequency prescribed treatments, improves survival. We sought identify patient factors associated fidelity how this may differ for people HIV (PWH) cancer.We conducted qualitative study women who initiated outpatient stages I-III Botswana, deviance sampling high- low-fidelity patients. One-on-one interviews were...

Quality pathology is critical for timely diagnosis and management of breast cancer. Few studies have analyzed turnaround time (TAT) in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose this study was to quantify TAT cancer specimens processed by the National Health Laboratory Diagnofirm Gaborone, Botswana, additionally compare before after 2012 evaluate effect scale-up interventions Ministry Wellness.Retrospective analyses were performed submitted two laboratories from 2011 2015. calculated as specimen...

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), frequent outages of the stock cancer drugs undermine care delivery are potentially fatal for patients with cancer. The aim this study is to describe a methodologic approach forecast chemotherapy volume estimate cost that can be readily updated applied in most LMICs.Prerequisite data forecasting population-based incidence estimates per unit drug ordered. We used supplementary guidelines from WHO list essential medicines predict treatment plans...

Essential cancer medicine stock outs are occurring at an increasing frequency worldwide and represent a potential barrier to delivery of standard therapy in patients with low- middle-income countries. The objective this study was measure the impact on optimal Botswana.