Two engine oil additives with graphene were tested in diesel engines. The first was a oxide (GO)-based, commercially available additive that the supplier recommends using at 3% v/v concentration oil. second nanoplatelet (GNP)-based is under development, which more concentrated and allows for addition of much smaller amount additive. Using GO results reduction brake-specific fuel consumption from 0.2% to 0.7%, depending on load, 2% when run without load. use 0.1% wt GNPs led 0.4% savings an...

The use of combustion engines on agricultural vehicles will persist much longer than on-road vehicles. Introducing new technologies in is crucial to mitigating emissions while accounting for customer cost-sensitivity, harsh operation conditions, and typically sub-optimal maintenance. This work describes the CrN tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) DLC-coated rings small diesel engines. Compared with gas nitride rings, ta-C DLC coatings exhibited, respectively, 74% 86% lower wear rig tests....

Low-temperature combustion in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is one of the most promising technologies allowing to meet future emission targets for internal engines. Whereas majority research centred on itself, this paper first time points out piston's energy losses induced by friction and blow-by HCCI with negative valve overlap. The spark (SI) operating modes were compared thoroughly analysed use ring pack model. input data simulations came from measurements made a...

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical model of piston-rings-cylinder sealing (TPC) combustion engine. The developed is an itegrated gas flow through gaps in TPC unit, displacements and twisting motions piston rings ring grooves as well generation oil film between face surfaces cylinder liner. Thermal deformations wear unit elements heat exchange flowing surrounding walls, were taken into account the model. contains descriptions of: assumptions used for developing model, itself, its...

Changes in engine performance and efficiency, the tightness of ring-pack wear piston group parts during long-lasting bench durability test were investigated. The tests conducted on 2 modern automotive diesel engines. parameters analysed improved initial period operation then they started to deteriorate gradually; however, rates change different for parameters. rate was highest case lubricating oil consumption (100% increase test). blowby increased that time by 25-60%, depending condition...

Fuel consumption achieved in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) could be 50% lower than fuel real driving conditions and case of emissions regulated toxic compounds differences even much greater. In order to bring results official tests closer life figures, Commission introduced 2017 Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), which replaced NEDC. this article exhaust for 3 cars fitted with engines same displacement but direct indirect gasoline injection, determined...

The paper presents some aspects of operation municipal transport system in the city Lublin (Poland). Organization Municipal Transport Company was described, its efficiency and perspectives development. Particular attention paid to rules adjustment EU requirements, influence demographic social factors. Infrastructure public analyzed (busses, trolley‐busses, bus stations, fixed objects stops), as well configuration trolley‐bus lines. Some specific proposals were also put forward regarding...

This paper analyzes the effect of gaps in lock first and second sealing rings selected dimensions ring belt piston on piston-ring-cylinder seal. The research was performed using a mathematical model seal system. Simulation results have shown that significant reduction exhaust gas flow to crankcase – without compromising other parameters characterizing performance would require increased production rigor. Reducing blow-by need narrow tolerance intervals engine components is possible, but this...

This paper presents changes in the tightness of a combustion chamber during 1200-hour bench durability test. The study was conducted on three four-cylinder turbocharged DI diesel engines with capacity 1.3 dm3. were determined basis results ofperiodical measurements blow-by flow rate under dif­ferent conditions engine operation and maximum compression pressure cylinders. showed that remained at same level long period operation, corresponding to distance of150 000 km covered by car. After...

Abstract We analyze experimental acceleration data obtained from the delivery car vibration test in working conditions. The vertical components of unsprung and sprung mass accelerations have been analyzed by using Fourier analysis. In particular we examine response on various road excitations conclude efficiency suspension. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A piston-rings-cylinder (PRC) assembly determines the blowby, engine oil consumption, and friction wear processes accompanying system's operation. Thus, it is crucial for whole IC efficiency lifetime. lot of research effort put into increasing performance this complex highly dynamic system. Advanced, comprehensive models play an important role in understanding improving PRC In presented work, effect load on operation ring pack automotive gasoline analyzed. model that covers gas flow through...

We examine the dynamical response of a semitrailer suspension to real road profile under two different loads. The trailer is low loader for transporting heavy and large loads, configuration which can be adjusted as desired. Experiments are performed on both unladen 57-ton laden trailers. acceleration unsprung sprung parts vehicle measured. obtained time series then analyzed using Fourier wavelet transforms well multiscale entropy approach. data analysis results reveal transmission vibration...

The article presents the results of research on behavior vehicle drivers while approaching intersection, after traffic light signal changes from green to yellow. In above mentioned situation, driver is required stop vehicle. Questionnaire surveys were conducted a group two hundred road participants. scope survey was knowledge how react accordingly in risk triggering situations. objective get know participants' state specified situation. compared with calculations and analyzes possible...