Ischemic preconditioning ( IPC ) of one or two limbs improves performance exercise that recruits the same limb(s). However, it is unclear whether application to another limb than in also effective and which mechanisms are involved. We investigated effect remote RIPC on muscle fatigue, time task failure, forearm hemodynamics, deoxygenation during handgrip exercise. Thirteen men underwent lower a control intervention CON ), random order, then performed constant load rhythmic protocol until...

Previous studies in humans attempting to assess sympathetic vascular transduction have related large reflex-mediated increases muscle nerve activity (MSNA) associated changes limb resistance. However, such procedures do not provide insight into the ability of MSNA dynamically control tone on a beat-by-beat basis. Thus we examined influence spontaneous bursts leg conductance (LVC) and how variations burst pattern (single vs. multiple bursts) size may affect magnitude LVC response. In 11 young...

The sympathetic nervous system is critical for the beat-to-beat regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP). Although studies have examined age- and sex-related effects on BP control, findings are inconsistent limited data available in postmenopausal women. In addition, majority focused time-averaged responses without consideration potential alterations. Thus we whether ability muscle nerve activity (MSNA) to modulate a basis affected by age or sex. MSNA were measured during supine rest 40...

It is well-established that at old age there a significant decline in muscle strength. Reference values for strength might be useful assessment of impairment and physiological adaptations. However, it still unclear whether gender affects the rate decline. Therefore, aim this study to investigate effect on handgrip establish reference variable. Reviewing medical charts collected from 1994 2005, convenience sample 2,648 subjects (1,787 men 861 women), aged between 18 90 years, was obtained....

It is presently unknown whether there are sex differences in the magnitude of blood pressure (BP) responses to baroreceptor perturbation or if relative contribution cardiac output (CO) and total vascular conductance (TVC) baroreflex-mediated changes BP differs young women men. Since sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone attenuated women, we hypothesized that carotid would be by virtue a blunted response (i.e., an TVC response). BP, heart rate (HR), stroke volume were continuously recorded during...

We recently observed a marked increase in brachial artery (BA) diameter during prolonged leg cycling exercise. The purpose of the present study was to test hypothesis that this BA lower limb exercise is shear stress mediated. Accordingly, we determined whether recapitulation cycling-induced rate with forearm heating, known stimulus evoking shear-induced conduit dilatation, would elicit comparable profiles and magnitudes vasodilatation those cycling. In 12 healthy men, blood velocity were...

Despite standard drug therapy, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) remains high in heart failure (HF) patients making the nervous system a primary target treatment of HF. Studies rabbits with pacing-induced HF have demonstrated that statins reduce resting SNA, part, due to reductions reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whether these findings can be extended clinical setting human unclear. We first performed study seven statin-naïve (56 ± 2 yr; ejection fraction: 31 4%) determine if 1 mo simvastatin...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2D) have elevated risk of stroke, suggesting that cerebrovascular function is impaired. Herein, we examined dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) at rest and during exercise in T2D determined whether underlying systemic oxidative stress associated with impairments CA. Middle artery blood velocity arterial pressure (BP) were measured 2-min bouts low- high-intensity isometric handgrip performed 20% 40% maximum voluntary contraction, respectively, seven...

The increase in blood pressure observed during physical activities is exaggerated patients with hypertension, exposing them to a higher cardiovascular risk. Neural signals from the skeletal muscles appear be overactive, resulting this abnormal response hypertensive patients. In present study, we tested whether attenuation of these neural could normalize their activity. Attenuation leg intrathecal fentanyl injection reduced men cycling exercise level comparable that normotensive men. Skeletal...

The isometric handgrip training (IHT) has been emerging as an alternative approach for blood pressure (BP) reduction in hypertensive patients. However, the mechanisms underlying reductions BP after IHT are poorly known. Thus, aim of this study was to analyze vascular effects A randomized controlled trial conducted with 33 patients (61 ± 2 y.o.; 67% female) who were randomly assigned two groups: or control group. group completed three weekly sessions (4 × min sets, alternating hands at 30%...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the cardiorespiratory and sympathetic neurocirculatory responses central, peripheral, combined central peripheral chemoreflex activation. Ten women (29 ± 6 years, 22.8 2.4 kg/m 2 : mean SD) 10 men (30 7 24.8 3.2 ) undertook randomized 5 min breathing trials of: room air (eucapnia), isocapnic hypoxia (10% oxygen (O ); activation), hypercapnic hyperoxia (7% carbon dioxide (CO ), 50% O ; activation) CO ,...

It is well-established that at old age there a significant decline in muscle strength. Reference values for strength might be useful assessment of impairment and physiological adaptations. However, it still unclear whether gender affects the rate decline. Therefore, aim this study to investigate effect on handgrip establish reference variable. Reviewing medical charts collected from 1994 2005, convenience sample 2,648 subjects (1,787 men 861 women), aged between 18 90 years, was obtained....

Purpose This study aimed to investigate potential sex-related differences on spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) after acute isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise. Methods Twenty men (age, 23 ± 3 yr) and 20 women 24 4 randomly performed four sets of 2-min IHG exercise (two for each limb) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (experimental) or 3% (sham). Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) arterial blood pressure (BP) were monitored using finger photoplethysmography before 10, 20, 30 min...

Despite greater blood pressure reactivity to acute cardiovascular stressors and a higher prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, limited information is available regarding arterial baroreflex (ABR) control T2D. We hypothesized that ABR muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) heart rate (HR) are attenuated T2D patients. Seventeen patients (50 ± yr; 31 1 kg/m2), 9 weight-matched controls (WM-CON, 46 32 kg/m2) 10 lean (Lean-CON, 49 3 23 underwent bolus infusions sodium...

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects supervised and home-based isometric handgrip training on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensives. Methods: In randomized controlled trial, 72 hypertensive individuals (58±2 years old, 70% female) were randomly assigned three groups: home-based, or control group. Home-based completed thrice weekly (4x2 minute at 30% maximal voluntary contraction, with 1-minute rest between bouts alternating hands). Before after 12 weeks...

Swimming involves muscular activity and submersion, creating a conflict of autonomic reflexes elicited by the trigeminal receptors skeletal muscle afferents. We sought to determine cardiovascular responses separate concurrent stimulation cutaneous metabolically sensitive afferents (muscle metaboreflex). In eight healthy men (30 ± 2 yr) sympathetic nerve (MSNA; microneurography), mean arterial pressure (MAP; Finometer), femoral artery blood flow (duplex Doppler ultrasonography), vascular...

We found that signal-averaging sympathetic transduction to blood pressure displayed very good excellent intra- and interday test-retest reliability in healthy, young adults. Reliability analyses according muscle burst size, pattern, nonburst response were less consistent. Results similar when using diastolic or mean arterial the calculation. These findings suggest technique can be used with confidence investigate humans across time.

The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following ingestion, a stimulus increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) 11 overweight or obese (body...

We recently showed that 5 days of reduced daily physical activity impair popliteal artery, but not brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). However, the mechanisms by which inactivity causes leg vascular dysfunction are unclear. reason a reduction in blood flow-induced shear stress is primary underlying mechanism impairs artery FMD. Thus purpose this study was to determine whether increased flow and during prevent Bilateral FMD measures were performed at baseline after transition from high...

Purpose: To examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in postmenopausal women. Patients and methods: Twenty-two women (65.0±4.2 years) underwent 12 weeks whole body progressive with intensity prescribed based rating perceived exertion. Dominant knee extension strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer before after intervention. Moreover, all volunteers had blood samples collected for lipid profile, glycemic control, C-reactive protein...

Handgrip-induced increases in blood flow through the contralateral artery that supplies cortical representation of arm have been hypothesized as a consequence neurovascular coupling and resultant metabolic attenuation sympathetic cerebral vasoconstriction. In contrast, restraint, theory, inhibits changes perfusion ipsilateral vessels. To confirm whether nerve activity modulates distribution during static handgrip (SHG) exercise, beat-to-beat contra- internal carotid (ICA; Doppler) mean...