Molecular timescales estimate that early animal lineages diverged tens of millions years before their earliest unequivocal fossil evidence. The Ediacaran macrobiota (~574 to 538 million ago) are largely eschewed from this debate, primarily due extreme phylogenetic uncertainty, but remain germane. We characterize the development Charnia masoni and establish affinity rangeomorphs, among oldest most enigmatic components macrobiota. provide first direct evidence for internal interconnected...

Background and Context: Pair programming is used in classrooms to promote learning engage a more diverse group of students computing fields, but little known about what it looks like middle school.Objective: The aim this study was examine how pairs were interacting what.Method: Video, audio, screen capture data collected analyzed from 66 school working program computer game an after-school class.Findings: Less than half interaction time their game, one third spent not at all. Most behaviors...

The effect of amphetamine sulfate upon the intelligence scores 21 children was noted. Following therapeutic oral doses 10 mg. and 20 drug, performances on revised Stanford- Binet scale a battery psychomotor tests were not significantly affected. It is suggested that may result in an apparent intellectual improvement certain situations by its emotional attitude individual toward his task.

Abstract Complexity, defined as the number of parts and their degree differentiation, is a poorly explored aspect macroevolutionary dynamics. The maximum anatomical complexity organisms has undoubtedly increased through evolutionary time. However, it unclear whether this increase purely diffusive process or at least partly driven, occurring in parallel most many lineages with increases minima well means. Highly differentiated serially repeated structures, such vertebrae, are useful systems...

Background and Context: Non-traditional training grounds such as coding boot camps that attract a higher proportion of women are important sites for understanding how to broaden participation in computing.Objective: This work aims help us better understand the choosing their pathways through these into computing workforce.Method: paper reports on longitudinal, qualitative study investigating female camp attendees.Findings: Findings show attending career changers develop an interest software...

College-educated women in the workforce are discovering a latent interest and aptitude for computing motivated by prevalence of as an integral part jobs many fields well continued headlines about number unfilled, highly paid jobs. One these women's choices retraining so-called coding boot camps that teach programming skills through intensive multi-week courses. This article reports on qualitative research study focused Silicon Valley area California. We used social cognitive career theory...

Background: Learning to program and success in computer science requires persistence the face of challenges. This study contributes research on social context learning by describing how children's peer interactions can support or hinder pair's problem solving computer.Methods: Video recordings from eight pairs middle school students programming a game are used explore working with partner supports hinders challenges, what we call intrepid exploration (IE).Findings: IE thrives when partners...

Abstract Species richness is strikingly uneven across taxonomic groups at all hierarchical levels, but the reasons for this heterogeneity are poorly understood. It well established that morphological diversity (disparity) decoupled from diversity, both between clades and geological time. Morphological complexity has been much less studied, there theory linking with differential groups. Here we devise an index of differentiation fore hind limb pairs a sample 983 species extant birds. We test...

House finches, Carpodacus mexicanus, were experimentally infected with high and standard doses of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) or St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) to determine whether would produce an elevated viremia response a frequency chronic infections. Finches inoculated ≈100,000 plaque forming units (PFU) WEEV SLEV produced antibody responses similar those in finches ≈100 PFU 1000 SLEV, the approximate quantities expectorated by blood-feeding Culex tarsalis Coquillett....

Background and context High school students' interest in computing fields is not always sustained community college due to a disconnect between institutions.Objective To understand how cross-sector collaborations can align institutional pathways computing. Research questions: What practices be used build education pathway? promote student agency? How does partnership address issues of equity the pathway?Method A case study research-practice using interviews, observations, meeting...

Research question: For students enrolling in introductory computer science classes at community colleges, how did they experience the class an emergency remote teaching environment, particularly contrast to in-person instruction start of semester? Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 from diverse backgrounds who enrolled a college California during first semester online due COVID-19 pandemic. Grounded theory data analysis was on interview data. Results: Students’...

Racism remains a pervasive force around the world with widespread and well documented harmful consequences for members of marginalized racial groups. The psychological biases that maintain structural interpersonal racism begin to emerge in early childhood, but considerable individual variation – some children develop more bias than others. present study (N = 116; 4-year-old children) provides novel insights into developmental mechanisms underlying emergence by longitudinally documenting how...

A gel-spinning approach was used to form collagen-based fibers with loadings of both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and nano-chips (CNC) (i.e., short few-wall nanotubes). Upon formation the were dried tested analyze influence nano-carbons on collagen self-assembly. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies show that presence nano-carbon does not hinder fibril formation. However, based small-angle scattering (SAXS) analysis, alignment is by type nano-carbon, also indicates dispersion...

The computer science (CS) for All movement has brought increasing opportunities in middle and high school, there is a growing body of research on how to increase students' interest knowledge. But little attention paid the structural factors that support or undermine student persistence CS during transition college, which where most vulnerable students leave pathway [1], [2]. In this paper we will describe our researcher-practitioner partnership (RPP) built cross-sector collaboration align...

Pair programming is considered a best practice since it has been shown to reduce the gender gap and increases confidence for university students in introductory computer courses. However, little known about what looks like middle school. This study was designed provide detailed descriptions of pair like, how varies across demographic groups, changes over time. The data presented this poster from subset larger (81 school students) which consists 66 (28 girls; 38 boys) (55% Latino/a; 23%...

The underrepresentation of women along the entire computer science (CS) pipeline has been an intractable problem. relatively high proportion attending "coding boot camps"—35%, as compared to 14% in CS university programs—would suggest that is interest postsecondary female population. Yet little known about profile these camps and type expertise they are learning setting. This qualitative work attempts address this gap by investigating backgrounds nine two camp settings. research focuses on...

Physical activity (PA) social-ecological model (SEM) posits the importance of several levels influence critical for PA promotion within communities. The purpose this study was to examine an SEM evaluation informing a county-wide active living plan in McLennan County, Texas United States. Mixed-methods occurred 4 stages: (1) county policies (n = 15) were evaluated promoting strategies; (2) resource assessments (PARAs) conducted via Google Maps 171); (3) surveys 244) included International...