- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Computational Physics and Python Applications
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
- Optical properties and cooling technologies in crystalline materials
- International Science and Diplomacy
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Big Data Technologies and Applications
- advanced mathematical theories
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
- Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Nuclear physics research studies
Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon
2016-2025
Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
2021-2025
Institute of High Energy Physics
2010-2024
University of Antwerp
2024
A. Alikhanyan National Laboratory
2024
Georgian Technical University
2023
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
2013-2022
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
2013-2022
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2013-2022
Institut de Physique
2008-2020
Ensuring the radiation hardness of PbWO4 crystals was one main priorities during construction electromagnetic calorimeter CMS experiment at CERN. The production on an industrial scale hard and their certification over a period several years represented difficult challenge both for crystal suppliers. present article reviews related scientific technological problems encountered.
The performance of electromagnetic calorimeter modules made proton-irradiated PbWO4 crystals has been studied in beam tests. modules, similar to those used the Endcaps CMS (ECAL), were formed from 5×5 matrices crystals, which had previously exposed 24 GeV protons up integrated fluences between 2.1× 1013 and 1.3× 1014 cm−2. These correspond predicted charged-hadron ECAL at pseudorapidity η = 2.6 after about 500 fb−1 3000 respectively, corresponding end LHC High Luminosity operation periods....