Recently, embedded systems and wireless sensor nodes have been gaining importance. For operating these devices several vibration-based energy harvesters successfully developed reported, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic (EEHs). This paper presents the state-of-the-art in field of EEHs. Mainly, two types EEHs, electret-free electret-based, are reported literature. The EEHs mostly centimeter scale. These harvesters, with resonant frequencies ranging from 2 Hz to 1.7 kHz,...

Abstract The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in host countries is a heavily debated issue. Although some studies have found evidence of the positive impact FDI on growth, others revealed opposite result. Studies that examined causality gross domestic product (GDP) also unidirectional and, cases, bidirectional causality. This study investigated causal nexus GDP Bangladesh by employing standard time-series econometric tools, namely, augmented...

For portable and embedded smart, wireless electronic systems, energy harvesting from the ambient sources has gained immense interest in recent years. Several energies exist environment of sensor nodes (WSNs) that include thermal, solar, vibration acoustic energy. This paper presents development field harvesters (AEHs). AEHs convert into useful electrical for operation autonomous sensors. Mainly, two types (electromagnetic piezoelectric based) have been developed reported literature. The...

For health monitoring of bridges, wireless acceleration sensor nodes (WASNs) are normally used. In bridge environment, several forms energy available for operating WASNs that include wind, solar, acoustic, and vibration energy. However, only has the tendency to be utilized embedded application in structures. This paper reports on recent advancements area harvesters (VEHs) utilizing oscillations. The is narrowband (1 40 Hz) with low levels (0.01 3.8 g). utilization vibration, electromagnetic...

Summary These days the health monitoring of machines and structures is performed using wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). The disadvantage short life span batteries in WSN overcome by energy harvesting techniques required power extracted from environment for operating WSNs. available form thermal, solar, wind, vibration, RF acoustic energy. Piezoelectric (PE), electromagnetic (EM), electrostatic triboelectric transduction may be utilized to harvest vibration on structure which otherwise going...

This paper presents the modeling, simulation, fabrication and experimental results of a vibration-based electromagnetic power generator (EMPG). A novel, low-cost, one-mask technique is used to fabricate planar coils spring. can provide an alternative for processes such as lithographie galvanoformung abformung (LIGA) or SU-8 molding MEMS electroplating. Commercially available copper foils 20 µm 350 thicknesses are spring, respectively. The design with on either side magnets provides enhanced...

Advancement in technology has reduced the size and power consumption of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs), which leads to possibility a battery's replacement with alternative sources, such as energy harvesters. For WSNs, harvesting from ambient vibration great promise. This paper reports on recent advancements development vibration-based, non-resonant harvesters (NR-EHs). Based transduction mechanism, electromagnetic (NR-EMEHs), electrostatic (NR-ESEHs), piezoelectric (NR-PEEHs) have been...

This paper reports a novel hybrid acoustic energy harvester. The harvester utilizes both the electromagnetic and piezoelectric conversion mechanisms simultaneously to convert ambient acoustical noise into electrical power for self-powered wireless sensor nodes. proposed is comprised of Helmholtz resonator, two magnets mounted on plate, wound coil located under magnets. characterized harmonic real random excitations. In-lab, excitation at sound pressure level 130 dB frequency 2.1 kHz, an...

This study aims to find dynamic interaction between domestic investment, foreign direct and economic growth in Pakistan for the period 1976–2010. Phillips Perron (PP) test is used assess unit root concerned data series. Johansen cointegration approach applied examine long run relationship Toda-Yamamoto causality exercised evaluate causal linkages. Besides investment inflow investments variables, this also GDP as a third variable order avoid misspecification problems model know...

Harvesting biomechanical energy is a viable solution to sustainably powering wearable electronics for continuous health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking. A hybrid insole harvester (HIEH), capable of harvesting from low-frequency walking step motion, supply power sensors, has been reported in this paper. The multimodal multi-degrees-of-freedom low frequency lightweight 33.2 g occupies small volume 44.1 cm3. Experimentally, the HIEH exhibits six resonant frequencies,...

One of the main challenges in field vibration energy harvesting is to extract from low-frequency ambient vibrations. Since voltage and power production harvesters depends on relative velocity (frequency), therefore, comparatively high levels are produced at a frequency For excitation base, technique such as up-conversion (FUC) widely utilised. In FUC method, very efficiently harvested using plucking mechanism. comprised mechanism (primary system) high-frequency (secondary system), which...

Recently, we have witnessed a remarkable proliferation of wearables in various smart applications. These applications include healthcare, military, infotainment, and industries, to name few. However, suffer from significant energy limitations. To cope with this challenging issue, harvesting can be viable solution. In paper, ambient sources like heat, vibration, radio waves, solar are compared critically analyzed based on size, voltage, frequency, power density, power. Critical analysis...

Laser direct metal deposition (LDMD) has developed from a prototyping to single manufacturing tool. Its potential for creating multimaterial and functionally graded structures is now beginning be explored. This work first part of study in which layer Inconel 718 deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Single tracks were built at range powder mass flow rates using coaxial nozzle 1.5 kW diode laser operating both continuous pulsed beam modes. the focused experimental findings during Scanning...

This paper reports an improved acoustic energy harvester with a tapered Helmholtz cavity. The consists of bimorph piezoelectric composite plate and resonator (HR) architecture, operational mechanism, fabrication, characterization the harvesters are described. tested under sinusoidal sound pressure levels (SPLs) inside lab as well random SPLs in real ambient acoustical environment. When HR without proof mass attached to its is characterized at SPL 130 dB, maximum power 90.6 μW delivered 1 kΩ...

Recently, there has been an increasing fascination for employing radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting techniques to energize various low-power devices by harnessing the ambient RF in surroundings. This work outlines a novel advancement (RFEH) technology, intending power portable gadgets with minimal operating demands. A high-gain receiver microstrip patch antenna was designed and tested capture residue, at 2450 MHz. Similarly, two-stage Dickson voltage booster developed employed RFEH...

Self-powered wireless monitoring systems, electronic devices, and embedded microsystems have gained enormous interest in recent years due to the vast sensing applications various fields, including civil infrastructure, oil gas industry, healthcare, environment, military, agriculture, consumer electronics. The main component of these systems is a sensor node (WSN). continuous operation WSN depends on an uninterrupted power source, which now delivered from electrochemical batteries with short...