From the view of routing protocols in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), presence communication void, where packet cannot be forwarded further using greedy mode, is perhaps most challenging issue. In this paper, we review state art void-handling techniques proposed by geographic protocols. To this, first void problem and its negative impact on category protocols, which does not entail any recovery technique. It followed a discussion about constraints, challenges, features associated with...

Increasing attention has recently been devoted to underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) because of their capabilities in the ocean monitoring and resource discovery. UWSNs are faced with different challenges, most notable which is perhaps how efficiently deliver packets taking into account all constraints available acoustic communication channel. The opportunistic routing provides a reliable solution aid intermediate nodes’ collaboration relay packet toward destination. In this paper, we...

In many conventional supply chains, production planning and distribution are treated separately. However, it is now demonstrated that they mutually related problems must be tackled in an integrated way. Hence, this paper a new model for perishable products formulated. The proposed considers chain network consisting of facility multiple centers. produces single product storable only predetermined periods. A homogenous fleet vehicles responsible delivering the from to decisions made...

From the coverage and connectivity perspective, a wide range of applications in wireless sensor networks rely on node deployment algorithms to accomplish their functionalities. This is especially great significance when nodes are mobile can autonomously move appropriate locations provide optimal or near-optimal coverage. In this article, we review state art proposed for blanket networks. To this, first discuss challenges impact network performance from different perspectives. Afterwards,...

This study aimed to analyze the clinical patterns and etiology of uveitis in Isfahan, Iran.In this descriptive research, records 2016 patients with referred a tertiary eye care centers were examined. Age, sex, anatomical features, disease recorded analyzed.The mean age onset was 33.76 years women/men ratio 1.2/1.0. Anterior most common (42.9%) type followed by posterior (21.4%), intermediate (19.3%), pan (16.31%). Noninfectious causes had more roles (76.5%) uveitis. A total 43.9% unknown...

An underwater sensor network (UWSN) has recently attracted considerable attention due to its ability discover and monitor the aquatic environment. However, acoustic communication posed several inherent characteristics, such as high latency, low available bandwidth, bit error rate. These unique characteristics have made contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocols inefficient for UWSNs. They are most expensive not effective they in terrestrial networks. Through this principle, a...

Employing contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocols in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is typically costly. This due to the unique characteristics of acoustic channels, such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, and high bit error rate. As a consequence, (handshaking random access-based) MAC do not perform efficiently expected. The collision-free approach therefore considered achieve performance by avoiding collisions at layer order improve energy efficiency,...

An Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) has many unique features that makes it different from terrestrial network. This includes lower bandwidth, longer propagation delay, dynamic topology, high error rate, and energy constraint. To overcome the limitations of such an environment, opportunistic routing recently attracted much attention due to its ability improve performance UWSNs in terms packet delivery ratio saving. With aid data routing, underwater sensors can collaboratively route a towards...

Routing packets in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face different challenges, the most notable of which is perhaps how to deal with void communication areas. While this issue not addressed some underwater routing protocols, there exist partially state‐full protocols can guarantee delivery using excessive overhead. However, no fully stateless protocol, best our knowledge, detect and bypass trapped nodes. A node a only leads arrive finally at node. In paper, we propose Stateless...

The presence of void area in the routing path is perhaps most challenging issue from protocol perspective 3D acoustic Under-Water Sensor Networks (UWSN). In this paper, we propose a new protocol, called Inherently Void-Avoidance Routing (IVAR), to address problem without relying on any positioning system. IVAR able efficiently bypass areas by properly selecting forwarding nodes using only local information, i.e. depth and number hops sink. It inherently excludes all routes leading therefore...

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) utilise acoustic waves with comparatively lower loss and longer range than those of electromagnetic waves. However, energy remains a challenging issue in addition to long latency, high bit error rate, limited bandwidth. Thus, collision retransmission should be efficiently handled at Medium Access Control (MAC) layer order reduce the cost also improve throughput fairness across network. In this paper, we propose new reservation-based distributed MAC protocol...

Recent years have witnessed growing attention to the mobile data gathering schemes using autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, a novel cluster-based (CMDG) scheme for large-scale UWSNs is presented make tradeoff between latency and energy saving. To cluster acoustic sensors cover their heads with shortest possible tour, we first formulate it into an optimization problem then propose two efficient algorithms obtain near-optimal solutions less...

The development of routing protocols for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) faces with different challenges, the most notable which is perhaps how to deal a void communication area. Over past few years, some equipped void-handling techniques have been proposed address this issue. majority them; however, are unable detect and bypass trapped nodes can also lead packet become stuck in node. In paper, we propose new stateless protocol, called Energy-efficient Void Avoidance Depth Based Routing...

From the view of routing protocols in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs), mobile data-gathering mechanisms using Autonomous Vehicle (AUV) have received significant attention because data collection capability via short-range communications. In this paper, a new Cluster-based AUV-aided Data Collection scheme (CADC) for large-scale UWSNs is proposed to make trade-off between energy saving and gathering latency. Our consists three phases: discovery phase, clustering phase. Neighbouring...

Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) is significantly different from terrestrial network in that acoustic signal mainly used as the communication medium. The imposes high bit error rate, limited bandwidth and long propagation delay which, to some extent, influences design of various services UWSNs. MAC protocol, however, one protocols which has been completely affected by unique features underwater environment. For UWSNs, energy-efficiency now a major concern due difficulties replacing or...

In recent years, a large and growing body of literature has addressed the energy-efficient resource management problem in data centers. Due to fact that cooling costs still remain major portion total center energy cost, thermal-aware techniques have been employed make additional savings. this paper, we formulate minimizing consumption heterogeneous (MITEC) as non-linear integer optimization problem. We consider both computing provide Virtual Machine (VM) allocation heuristic based on genetic...

Over the past few years, ‘‘smart city’’ concept has emerged as a new trend to answer challenging issues related urban development. Transformation of city system into smart is meant improve quality life for its people and their way living, environment, economy, transport, governance. Due benefits associated with implementation challenges, traditional systems have been undergoing transformation systems. However, observed approaches presented disconnected fragmented that usually hamper...

Employing contention-based MAC protocols in underwater sensor networks are typically costly. This is mainly due to the unique characteristics of its acoustic channels such as long propagation delay, high bit error rate, and limited bandwidth. As a consequence, handshake-based random access-based do not perform well expected. The collision-free approach therefore considered achieve better performance by efficiently addressing spatial-temporal uncertainty, hidden/exposed terminal problems,...

Today, many manufacturing companies all around the world are moving forward to be lean, which implies adapt lean principles their environment and culture. In journey, they use tools techniques implement principles. One of most promising is value stream mapping, first portrays current state as map, then proposes scenarios improve it a future map. Despite having much strength, mapping also possesses two main weaknesses; first, effective only in linear production systems, second, not able...

The cloud computing as a ubiquitous paradigm could provide different services for internet users and Information Technology (IT) companies through datacenters that located around the world. However, provider faces several problems such high energy consumption fault occurrence issues in datacenters. Hence, has to make trade-off between gain more profit. In this paper, migration method virtual machines handle problem prevent Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation is proposed by considering...

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) utilise acoustic waves with comparatively lower loss and longer range in underwater environment than electromagnetic waves. However, energy remains a challenging issue addition to long latency, high bit error rate, limited bandwidth. Thus, collision retransmission should be efficiently handled at MAC layer order reduce the cost also improve throughput fairness across network. In this paper, we therefore propose new reservation-based distributed protocol,...

The design of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for UWSNs poses many challenges because their long propagation delay, high mobility, limited bandwidth, and bit error rate.Due to these unique acoustic channel characteristics, most contention-based MAC are costly.Thus, collisions retransmissions should be efficiently handled at the layer in order reduce energy cost improve throughput fairness across network.As a consequence, they do not perform as achieved performance terrestrial...

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are effective tools for discovering and observing the underwater environment. Due to unique characteristics of its acoustic channels such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, high bit error rate, most contention-based Media Access Control (MAC) protocols usually costly. As a result, both MAC with without RTS/CTS schemes do not perform efficiently their achieved performance in terrestrial networks. A collision-free approach is increasingly...

In this paper, a new formulation for integrating production planning and distribution of perishable products through lot sizing inventory routing problem is presented. Some assumptions about the are as follows; there facility which produces single product, then delivers them directly using limited number capacitated vehicles to geographically dispersed centres. Also, product perishable, i.e., it storable only predetermined periods. Because computational complexity problem, exact methods not...