A novel conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) technique for locally distorted contours that accurately model curved metallic objects is presented in this paper. This approach easy to implement and numerically stable. Several examples are demonstrate the new method yields results far more accurate than those generated by conventional staircasing approach. Example geometries include cylindrical spherical cavities, a circular microstrip patch antenna. Accuracy of scheme demonstrated...

Fast and safe charging protocols are crucial for enhancing the practicality of batteries, especially mobile applications, such as smartphones electric vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative approach to devising optimally health-conscious fast-safe charge protocols. A multiobjective optimal control problem is mathematically formulated via a coupled electro-thermal-aging battery model, where electrical aging submodels depend upon core temperature captured by two-state thermal submodel....

Advanced connectivity features in today's smart vehicles are giving rise to several promising intelligent transportation technologies. Connected vehicle system is one among such technologies, where a set of can communicate with each other and the infrastructure via communication networks. have potential improve traffic throughput, minimize risk accidents reduce energy consumption. Despite these features, connected suffer from safety security issues. Especially, vehicle-to-vehicle...

This paper proposes a new estimator design algorithm for state-of-charge (SoC) indication of lithium-ion batteries. A fractional-order model-based nonlinear is first framed including Luenberger term and sliding mode term. The gains are designed by Lyapunov's direct method, providing guarantee stability robustness the error system under certain assumptions. generic estimation then applied to circuit model adopted predict battery dynamic behaviours. Assumptions based on which developed...

Advanced battery management systems rely on accurate cell- or module-level state-of-charge (SOC) information for effective control, monitoring, and diagnostics. Electrochemical models provide arguably the most detailed about SOC of lithium-ion cells. In this brief, two nonlinear observer designs are presented based a reduced order electrochemical model. Both observers consist Luenberger term acting nominal errors variable structure handling model uncertainty. Using Lyapunov's direct method,...

Safety and reliability remain critical issues for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Out of many possible degradation modes, thermal faults constitute a significant part causes that lead to battery failure. Therefore, it is extremely important diagnose these in real time ensure safety. Motivated by this fact, we propose partial differential equation (PDE) model-based real-time scheme paper diagnosing Li-ion The objective the diagnostic detect estimate size fault. We utilize distributed...

In battery management systems (BMSs), real-time diagnosis of sensor faults is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability battery. For example, a current fault leads to erroneous estimates state charge other parameters, which in turn affects control actions BMS. A temperature may lead ineffective thermal management. this brief, model-based diagnostic scheme presented that uses sliding mode observers designed based on electrical dynamics It analytically shown how extraction equivalent...

This article seeks to derive insight on battery charging control using electrochemistry models. Directly full order complex multi-partial differential equation (PDE) electrochemical models is difficult and sometimes impossible implement. develops an approach for obtaining optimal charge schemes, while ensuring safety through constraint satisfaction. An problem mathematically formulated via a coupled reduced electrochemical-thermal model which conserves key thermal state information. The...

The ferroelectric effect has been demonstrated for sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (53/47) thin films. respective values of coercive field and remanent polarization were 4x10(6) V/m 0.36 C/m(2). thin-film fabrication process is simple compatible with Si planar technology, offers a wide variety potential uses counting, memory, integrated optical circuit applications.

While large scale deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offers promising advantages, such as environmental benefits, energy security, and economic stability, it also poses certain cybersecurity related challenges. Unlike power grid PEV is significantly underexplored. However, cyberattacks on PEVs may lead to disastrous situations out-of-service EVs via denial-of-charging (DoC) or battery pack damage overcharging. In this article, we attempt address issue by exploring...

Supercapacitors are receiving significant interest in wireless sensor network applications due to their high power density and longer lifespan. In such applications, consideration of the leakage effect is crucial for online control management supercapacitors. Motivated by this fact, paper we propose an scheme estimate state-of-charge (SOC) supercapacitors, taking into account. First, a completely observable equivalent circuit model (ECM) supercapacitor, which captures effect. Then, design...

Battery electrode particle fracture due to stress generation is a critical mechanism causing capacity fade, and thus reducing battery life. This paper develops nonlinear adaptive observer for lithium-ion state of charge (SOC), stress, solid phase diffusivity estimation using high-fidelity coupled single particle-mechanical model, where the submodel captures development during intercalation deintercalation. Simultaneous parameter based on mechanical model extremely challenging because given...

Polymeric sol-gel processing represents an IC technology compatible route to fabricate defect-free and compositionally adjustable inorganic non-metallic thin-films at relatively low temperatures.The critical physico-chemical issues which affect the reproducible fabrication of PZT are outlined. The field behavior high switching stability characteristics were studied for radiation hard nonvolatile memory applications. Performance data integrated on solid Pt sputtered layer silicon-nitrided...

In wind turbine systems, early diagnosis and accommodation of faults are crucial for the reliable cost effective operation turbines their success as viable renewable energy conversion solutions. This paper proposes compares three different diagnostic schemes that address issue fault detection isolation drivetrain generator-converter subsystems a turbine. The first scheme is based on cascade two Kalman filters intended to alleviate effect nonlinear aerodynamic torque generation in dynamics....

With the advent of Vehicle to (V2V) and Infrastructure (V2I) communication, connected vehicle systems can be a promising tool realize efficient intelligent transportation. Essentially, vehicles viewed as group that communicate with each other infrastructure. However, it also presents some challenges from safety security point view. Apart malfunction in communication protocol, wireless networks subjected cyber-attacks such Denial Service (DoS). Therefore, vehicular control scheme which is...

An efficient method for analyzing cavity structures by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT)/Pade technique, in combination with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, is presented. Without sacrificing accuracy of results, this new significantly reduces computational time compared to that needed where conventional FFT algorithm used. The usefulness approach demonstrated modeling a lossy and computing its resonant frequencies as well Q.

Polycrystalline paraelectric perovskite thin films in the Pb-La-Ti-O or PLT (28 mol.% La) system have been studied. Thin (0.5- mu m) were integrated onto 3-in Pt/Ti/SiO/sub 2//

Ferroelectric (FE) thin-film capacitors are irradiated to 100 Mrad(Si) with 10-keV X-rays. Some of the FE hysteresis loops show distortion at 5 Mrad(Si). The type and degree dependent on polarization state and/or applied field during irradiation. Preliminary results indicate that a fraction radiation-induced damage can be removed simply by cycling capacitor 20-kHz square wave. amount is upon radiation conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Increasing longevity remains one of the open challenges for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology. We envision a health-conscious advanced management system, which implements monitoring and control algorithms that increase lifetime while maintaining performance. For such algorithms, real-time capacity estimates are crucial. In this paper, we present an online estimation scheme Li-ion batteries. The key novelty lies in: 1) leveraging thermal dynamics to estimate 2) developing hierarchical...