Background Non-medical use of prescription opioids represents a national public health concern growing importance. Mood and anxiety disorders are highly associated with non-medical opioid use. The authors examined longitudinal associations between disorder due to mood/anxiety in sample, examining evidence for precipitation, self-medication general shared vulnerability as pathways disorders. Method Data were drawn from face-to-face surveys 34 653 adult participants waves 1 2 the National...

Latent structure analysis of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can help clarify how persons who experience traumatic events might be sorted into clusters with respect to their symptom profiles. Classification exposed clinically homogeneous groups would facilitate further etiologic and treatment research, as well research on the relationship trauma PTSD other disorders.To examine empirically underlying criterion symptoms identify discrete classes similar profiles.Data from...

<h3>Context</h3> Previous research has shown that exposure to traumatic events, especially sexual trauma during childhood, is associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide. However, no information available as whether the suicide related primarily posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following experiences or applies also persons who experienced but did not develop PTSD. <h3>Objective</h3> We examine association between events and without resulting PTSD a subsequent attempt in...

Background: Although nurse staffing has been found to be related patient mortality, there limited study of the independent effect work schedules on care outcomes. Objective: To determine if, in hospitals where nurses report more adverse schedules, would increased controlling for staffing. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, with multilevel data from a 2004 survey 633 working 71 acute nonfederal North Carolina and Illinois. Mortality measures were risk-adjusted Agency Healthcare...

Despite prior evidence supporting cross-sectional associations of depression and alcohol use disorders, there is relatively little prospective data on the temporal association between depressed mood maladaptive drinking, particularly across extended intervals.To assess in childhood during adolescence young adulthood by level sex race/ethnicity subgroups.Cohort study individuals observed late childhood, early adolescence, adulthood.Urban mid-Atlantic region United States.Two successive...

Mood disorders and alcohol dependence frequently co-occur. Etiologic theories concerning the comorbidity often focus on drinking to self-medicate or cope with affective symptoms. However, there have been few, if any, prospective studies in population-based samples of self-medication mood symptoms occurrence dependence. Furthermore, it is not known whether these associations are affected by treatment symptom severity.To evaluate hypothesis that increases probability subsequent onset...

Background To develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age 13 years in an urban community sample and use these predict development negative behavioral outcomes adolescence young adulthood. Method A total 1815 participants epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments adults. Reported nine were used a class analysis create profiles experiences. Latent at ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health...

Abstract Self-reported past year use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and two controlled prescription substances (opiates, benzodi-azepines); self-reported lifetime substance abuse or dependence was estimated compared for 12 specialties among 5,426 physicians participating in an anonymous mailed survey. Logistic regression models demographic other characteristics that might explain observed specialty differences. Emergency medicine used more illicit drugs. Psychiatrists...

Background In order to promote the health of nurses while maintaining performance and patient care safety standards, better research bases on association work organization with are needed. Methods Work schedule components (shift, shift length, weekends, overtime) in a nationally representative sample employed registered participating an anonymous mailed survey (n = 3,917) were examined relation past year alcohol, smoking drug use. Results Schedule separately showed modest associations...

OBJECTIVES: Valid data on factors that increase a health care worker's likelihood of substance use are integral in ensuring professional standards and quality for consumers. This study explored the association between nursing specialty past-year use. METHODS: In an anonymous mailed survey, balanced stratified sample registered nurses (n = 4438) reported their marijuana, cocaine, prescription-type drugs, as well cigarette smoking binge drinking. RESULTS: Prevalence all substances was 32%....

Objective: The authors prospectively examined childhood antecedents of exposure to traumatic events estimate the risk posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among those exposed trauma. Method: Two consecutive cohorts children entering first grade a public school system in large mid-Atlantic city mid-1980s were followed into young adulthood (mean age=21). Exposure and PTSD assessed 75% original cohort (N=1,698). Childhood assessments, conducted upon entry grade, included standardized measures...

This study compares substance use by medical specialty among resident physicians.The authors estimated the prevalence of 11 specialties from a national sample 1,754 U.S. physicians.Emergency medicine and psychiatry residents showed higher rates than in other specialties. Emergency reported more current cocaine marijuana, benzodiazepines marijuana. Contrary to recent concerns, anesthesiology did not have high use. Family/general practice, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology were or lower...

This study aimed to examine the relationship between job stress/work schedules (JS/WS) and obesity among nurses.Job stress shift work are known risk factors for obesity, yet comprehensive measures of JS/WS in relation nurse have been little investigated.Secondary data analysis used survey from 2,103 female nurses. Obesity was measured using body mass index estimates. Binomial logistic regression models incorporated independent components adjusted demographics, nursing position,...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue, yet little known about the association between IPV victimization and problem drinking among women. Study objectives were to (a) identify subtypes of women according abuse dependence criteria from Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV); (b) examine recent classes; (c) evaluate depressive disorder (MDD) as mediator IPV-alcohol relationship.Data come cohort 11,782 female current drinkers...

Self-medication with alcohol is frequently hypothesized to explain anxiety and dependence comorbidity. Yet, there relatively little assessment of drinking self-medicate its association the occurrence or persistence in population-based longitudinal samples, associations within demographic clinical subgroups.Hypothesizing that self-medication associated subsequent dependence, we assessed these using data from National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions, examined population...