Six styrene derivatives meta-substituted with acetal-protected glucofuranoses (1) and (2), galactopyranose (3), fructopyranose (4), sorbofuranose (5) para-substituted glucofuranose (6) were synthesized by the Williamson reactions of m- or p-(chloromethyl)styrene corresponding protected monosaccharides in DMF anionically polymerized. The anionic polymerizations carried out s-BuLi THF at −78 °C for 30 min. Among monomers, 1−5, found to undergo living polymerization afford quantitatively...

Three new para-substituted styrene derivatives, p-[3-(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose-3-oxy)propyl]styrene (1), p-[3-(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-galactopyranose-6-oxy)propyl]styrene (2), and p-[11-(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose-3-oxy)undecyl]styrene (3) were synthesized by phase transfer catalyzed etherifications. Their anionic polymerizations proceed in a living manner THF at −78 °C using sec-BuLi as the initiator to quantitatively afford polymers with...

Well-defined end-functionalized polystyrenes and polyisoprenes with monosaccharide residues were synthesized by the termination reactions of anionic living polymer styrene or isoprene benzyl chloride derivatives containing acetal-protected glucofuranose (1), fructopyranose (2), galactopyranose (3), sorbofuranose (4). Furthermore, novel well-defined polymers two, three, four successfully reacting polystyryllithium...

A thorough study was undertaken of the synthesis natural rubber-silica treated with bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (NR/TSi) vulcanized using electron beam irradiation (EB) and sulfur by varying EB dose. The surface treatment silica confirmed Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy scanning microscopy images. Composites were cast in film latex forms compared vulcanization. Investigation covered mechanical properties, thermal stability, swelling resistance, degradation under heat...

Leucaena is a fast-growing tree in the legume family. Its leaf contains significant amount of protein and thus widely used as fodder for cattle. To broaden its application rubber field, effects powder extracted products on cure characteristics mechanical properties natural were investigated. The extraction was carried out by using proteolytic enzyme at 60 °C. digested separated from residue centrifugation. Both then dried ground into powder, namely residual respectively, before being...

Abstract In this study, the chitosan and its derivatives were tested for their preservative activities field natural rubber (NR) latex. A series of chitosans with different molecular weights obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization. The chemically modified chitosans, N ‐carboxymethyl ( CMCh), ‐sulfated SCh), ‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride HTACh), prepared from high low‐molecular weight chitosans. Preservative NR latex these investigated based on measurement volatile fatty...

Mechanisms of reinforcement graphene (GE) in natural rubber (NR) composites casted by latex mixing method remain an area for further investigation. NR were produced either GE or treated silica (SiO2)/20%GE mixture (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 phr) into curing electron beam (EB) irradiation at 150 kGy. The morphology the obtained from scanning microscopy (SEM) indicated good dispersion both SiO2/20%GE matrix, with small degrees agglomeration many layers sheets. It was found that adding only to...

The synthetic methodologies for various well-defined chain-end- and in-chain-functionalized polystyrenes with a definite number of d-glucose and/or d-galactose residues have been described. They are based on diverse modes addition reactions polystyryllithium substituted 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives acetal-protected α-d-glucofuranose α-d-galactopyranose residues, followed by deprotection. By employing these methodologies, chain-end-functionalized 4, 6, 8 2, 8, 12 were synthesized. These...

The possibility of utilization the sludge waste obtained from natural rubber manufacturing process as a raw material for producing clay ceramics was investigated. To prepared clay-based ceramic, mixtures traditional and (10-30 wt%) were milled, uniaxilly pressed sintered at temperature between 1000 1200 degrees C. effect on properties ceramic products examined. results showed that amount addition had an both sinterability ceramics. Up to 30 wt% can be added into ceramics, samples good properties.

Abstract To recover residual rubber from skim natural (SNR) latex, a novel method was developed on the basis of use water‐soluble chitosan derivatives. An anionic derivative, N,O ‐carboxymethyl (CMCh), and cationic N ‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride (HTACh), were prepared. It found that creaming process could be achieved with both By addition 7.34–10.3‐g/L CMCh, SNR latex almost completely creamed, no coagulation particles in cream phase occurred. In case HTACh, lower...

Hardpan is one of the major problems found in many parts Thailand where monocropping and repeated plowing at same depth are conducted. This work aimed to study feasibility using crumb rubber produced from waste tires alleviate soil compaction problem. Effects particle size loading on degree were investigated. The quality water extracted was also analyzed determine severity environmental contamination. scope further extended into field tests. results reveal that addition sandy loam subsoil...

Two new styrene derivatives m,m′-disubstituted with acetal-protected monosaccharide residues, 3,5-bis(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose-3-oxymethyl)styrene (1) and 3,5-bis(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose-6-oxymethyl)styrene (2) were synthesized viahigh yielding eight reaction steps starting from isophthalic acid. Their anionic polymerizations carried out sec-BuLi in THF at –78°C for 30 min. Both monomers, 1 2, found to undergo living polymerization afford...

The anionic polymerization of a substituted styrene with α-methylstyryl moiety, 4-(4-(2-isopropenylphenoxy)butyl)styrene (1), was carried out in THF at −78 °C sec-BuLi as an initiator. In the polymerization, only styryl group 1 can be selectively polymerized, and on other hand, moiety remains intact to afford stable living polymer carrying functionality each monomer unit. resulting polymers possessed precisely controlled molecular weights narrow weight distributions. Furthermore,...

Deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) was made from sodium hydroxymethylglycinate latex (SH-latex) and ammonia (NH 3 -latex) by mixing with different forms of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the presence dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The mixtures were stirred at room temperature followed centrifugation to separate denatured proteins. optimized reaction contained 0.01 wt% tetrasodium (EDTA-4Na) 1% SDS. nitrogen contents DPNR SH-latex NH -latex reduced 0.005 0.008 wt%, respectively, compared...