Chemical analyses of ancient organics absorbed into pottery jars from the early Neolithic village Jiahu in Henan province China have revealed that a mixed fermented beverage rice, honey, and fruit (hawthorn and/or grape) was being produced as seventh millennium before Christ (B.C.). This prehistoric drink paved way for unique cereal beverages proto-historic second B.C., remarkably preserved liquids inside sealed bronze vessels Shang Western Zhou Dynasties. These findings provide direct...

Biological nitrogen fixation in aerobic organisms requires a mechanism for excluding oxygen from the site of nitrogenase activity. Oxygen exclusion Frankia spp., members an actinomycetal genus that forms nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbioses wide range woody Angiosperms, is accomplished within specialized structures termed vesicles, where localized. The lipidic vesicle envelope apparently functional analogue cyanobacterial heterocyst envelope, forming external gas-diffusion barrier around...

Abstract Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, ferulic acid ester sterols, corn fiber oil, and rice bran oil was investigated. Commercial soybean distilled FAME were used as substrates for both oxidative stability determination viscosity analysis after the oxidized. At low concentration, these materials did not improve substrates, although tended to be reduced slightly. The antipolymerization steryl ferulate higher at concentration than lower more effective oryzanol. Rice showed...

Extraction of commercial corn fiber with hexane or supercritical CO2 yielded an oil that comprised from 0.54 to 3.68 wt % the fiber. An HPLC method sensitive evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) was developed analyze lipid classes in oil. Triacylglycerols were most abundant class, but also contained sterol esters, free fatty acids, phytosterols, and very low levels tocopherols. All samples ferulate similar structure "oryzanol", a cholesterol-lowering substance found rice bran Much...

One of the hypotheses to explain mechanism capacitation involves loss sperm membrane cholesterol. Here, we studied whether or not major proteins bovine seminal plasma designated as BSP-A1, -A2, -A3, and -30-kDa (collectively called BSP proteins), which are implicated in capacitation, induce cholesterol efflux. When epididymal were labeled with [3H]cholesterol incubated (0.05–2%) (20–120 μg/ml) for 8 h, lost (3.6-fold 3-fold, respectively). The same results presence BSP-A1/-A2 obtained...

Abstract Samples of freshly ground corn kernels and rolled oats were extracted via pressurized liquid extraction (accelerated solvent extraction) using four different organic solvents [hexane, methylene chloride (also known as dichloromethane), isopropanol, ethanol] at two temperatures (40 100°C). Lipid yields varied from 2.9 to 5.9 wt% for 5.5 6.7 oats. With corn, more lipid was polarity increased, each individual solvent, 100°C than 40°C. oats, the same temperature effects observed, but...

Several studies have shown that sperm capacitation was accompanied by a change in the lipid composition of membrane. In cattle, major proteins (bovine)seminal plasma (BSP proteins: BSP-A1/A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa) potentiate induced high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Our recent indicate these HDL stimulate cholesterol efflux during capacitation. order to gain more insight into mechanisms BSP-mediated capacitation, we studied whether or not BSP induce phospholipid from epididymal By direct...

Abstract. Bone tissue in the adult is continuously being remodelled, and overall bone mass maintained constant by balance between osteoclastic resorption osteoblastic formation. Adequate proliferation essential for both appropriate formation regulation of resorption, thereby maintenance remodelling equilibrium. Objectives : Here, we have investigated roles melastatin‐like transient receptor potential 6 7 (TRPM6, TRPM7), which are calcium (Ca 2+ ) magnesium (Mg conducting channels, during...

Bone is a dynamic tissue that continuously being remodeled throughout life. Specialized cells called osteoclasts transiently break down old bone (resorption process) at multiple sites as other known osteoblasts are replacing it with new (bone formation). Usually, both resorption and formation processes in balance thereby maintain skeletal strength integrity. This equilibrium assured by the coordination of proliferation, migration, differentiation, secretory functions osteoblasts, which...

The antioxidant activity of three major polyamine conjugates, N,N'-dicoumaroyl-putrescine (DCP), N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloylputrescine (CFP), and N,N'-diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) isolated from corn bran, their related hydroxycinnamic acids, p-coumaric acid ferulic acid, were evaluated by in vitro assay systems, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical superoxide hydroxyl radicals generated enzymatic nonenzymatic reactions. Additionally, five phenolic compounds for melanogenesis...

The preservation of bone mass relies on adequate proliferation, differentiation, secretion matrix proteins and rate apoptosis the bone-forming osteoblasts. Although growing body evidence indicates that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play important roles in numerous cellular functions, limited information is available about TRP Here, we inventoried gene expression addressed some various osteoblast-like cells. transcripts canonical (TRPC) were revealed for TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4...

Fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis was carried out on three different barley biomass coproduct streams, straw, hulls, and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of grain. Each these byproducts fuel ethanol production grain is a possible source feedstock for advanced biofuels via pyrolysis. Bio-oil recovery in the range 42−50 wt % biomass, but optimized yields could be as much 70 each when mass balance mathematically adjusted to account all...

Abstract An aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from germ. The basic steps in the involved “churning” germ with various enzymes and buffer for 4 h at 50°C, an additional 16 65°C, followed by centrifugation removal of layer surface. No hexane or other organic solvents are used this process. By using oven‐dried samples (6 g) a commercial wet mill, yields about 80% were achieved three different cellulases. A fourfold scale‐up (to 24 g germ) resulted 90%. Nine evaluated...

Abstract Because most lipid extracts are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated molecules, the successful strategies for quantitative analysis lipids have involved use so‐called “mass” or universal detectors such as flame ionization evaporative light scattering detectors. Recently new type HPLC detector, charge aerosol detector (CAD), was developed is now commercially available. This detection method involves nebulizing column effluent, evaporating solvents charging particles, measuring...

Corn fiber gum (CFG) is a hemicellulose (arabinoxylan)-enriched fraction obtained by the extraction of corn bran/fiber using proprietary alkaline hydrogen peroxide process. When purified CFG prepared this process was hydrolyzed with more concentrated base (1.5 N methanolic KOH at 70 degrees C for 1 hour), considerable amounts hydroxycinnamic acids (up to 0.015% mainly ferulic acid) and lipids 0.43%) were released. The released phenolic identified quantified high-performance liquid...

Abstract There have been several discoveries of unexpected precipitates in manufacturing facilities, transport vessels, and storage tanks containing commercial biodiesel. In some cases these formed during at temperatures above the cloud point fuel. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) methods were applied to 24 field receipt samples solids from such biodiesels. The analyses revealed presence steryl glucosides (SG), common phytosterols (plant sterol) found...

Brown rice is a valuable source of lipid-soluble antioxidants including ferulated phytosterols (i.e., γ-oryzanol), tocopherols, and tocotrienols. To evaluate the impact temperature on accumulation these compounds, seeds from six different lines grown to maturity in replicate greenhouses Gainesville, FL, were analyzed. The represented Oryza sativa indica, O. japonica, glaberrima origins. Temperatures maintained near ambient at one end each greenhouse approximately 4.5 °C above other end....

Abstract Oat kernels were extracted with methanol, and glycolipid‐enriched fractions prepared using silica solid phase extraction. Using direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐ESI‐MS, HPLC‐atmospheric pressure chemical (APCI)‐MS, we confirmed previous reports that digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) was the most abundant glycolipid in oat a report of presence DGDG mono‐estolide kernels. In current study also...