Abstract Background Malaria is a major public health issue with substantial risks among vulnerable populations. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends SP-IPTp in second and third trimesters. However, efficacy of threatened by emergence sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistant malaria parasites due to single nucleotide polymorphisms Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase dihydropteroate synthetase genes. This study aimed assess current prevalence Pfdhfr/Pfdhps mutations...

Pregnancy‐induced physiological changes alter many drugs' pharmacokinetics. We investigated pregnancy‐induced in efavirenz pharmacokinetics 25 pregnant and 19 different postpartum women stratified from 211 HIV‐positive whom a preliminary pharmacogenetic study had been undertaken. Despite significant CL/F during pregnancy (42.6% increase; P = 0.023), median (range) C min was 1,000 ng/mL (429–5,190) with no change max ( 0.072). However, when for CYP2B6 516G>T (rs3745274) genotype, AUC 0‐24...

<ns4:p>The African Pharmacogenomics Consortium (APC) was formally launched on the 6th September 2018. This white paper outlines its vision, and objectives towards addressing challenges of conducting applying pharmacogenomics in Africa identifies opportunities for advancement individualized drugs use continent. Africa, especially south Sahara, is beset with a huge burden infectious diseases much co-morbidity whose multiplicity intersection are major achieving sustainable development goals...

ObjectivesThis manuscript describes the development, validation and clinical application of a novel method for quantification antiretroviral drug efavirenz in dried breast milk spots using LC-MS.

The antiretroviral drug efavirenz is widely used during breastfeeding. Evaluating its safety requires an understanding of breast milk pharmacokinetics, level breastfed infants' exposure, and potential influence polymorphisms in disposition genes.For this observational study, we investigated plasma pharmacokinetics exposure human immunodeficiency virus positive nursing mothers their infants. We also evaluated variability due to genetic CYP2B6, NR1I3, CYP2A6, ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCG2.CYP2B6 516G>T...

Background: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to have an immunomodulatory activity that could be explored develop adjuvants for vaccination against intestinal or mucosal infections. However, progress limited by the poor chemical stability of ATRA and high concentrations required. This study aimed incorporate high-dose in a previously developed nanoliposome containing Toll-like receptor agonists (TLR) - (GLA) 3M-052, optimising excipient composition physicochemical ATRA. Method:...

ID93 + GLA-LSQ is an adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccine candidate that has demonstrated robust T-cell immunity and reduced bacterial burden in preclinical studies. Here, we explored the strategy of lyophilization by introducing 10% Trehalose as a bulking agent cryoprotectant to develop thermostable single-vial formulation GLA-LSQ. We further examined stability lyophilized formulations stored at 4 37 °C research laboratory field across five study sites. Co-mixed (CoVL) conjugated (ConjVL)...

The excretion of chloroquine and the major metabolite, desethylchloroquine, in breast milk was investigated eleven lactating mothers following a single oral dose (600 mg base). average to plasma concentration ratio at 24th hour 6.6 +/‐ 2.4 for 1.5 0.6 desethylchloroquine five volunteers. In other volunteers elimination half‐life 8.8 4.7 days which longer than that saliva (3.9 1.0 days) from same maximum daily drug infant can receive breastfeeding about 0.7% maternal start malaria...

Imatinib mesylate is the first-line drug for treatment of Philadelphia/bcr-abl positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It known to be metabolized mostly by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 isoforms while its efflux mediated transporters ABCB1 ABCG2. Genetic polymorphism some these enzymes have been linked with inter-individual variations in pharmacokinetics drug. This study, therefore, investigated influence CYP3A5*3, ABCG2 421C>A 3435 C>T genetic on clinical outcome steady-state trough plasma...

Maternofoetal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models integrating multi-compartmental maternal and foetal units were developed using Simbiology® to estimate prenatal drug exposure. Processes governing disposition described differential equations with key system drug-specific parameters. Transplacental transfer was modelled as bidirectional passive diffusion benchmarked against those for thalidomide a control. Model-predictions parameters during pregnancy within acceptable ranges...

ObjectivesThe validation and clinical application of an LC–MS/MS method for the quantification nevirapine in dried blood spots (DBS) breast-milk (DBMS) are presented.

Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the drug of choice for treatment chronic myeloid leukemia in Nigeria. Several studies have established interindividual and interpopulation variations imatinib disposition although no pharmacokinetic study been conducted an African population since introduction drug. This explored approach to investigate Nigerians examined involvement some covariates including genetic factors variability with view optimize use this population. A total 250 plasma...

Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam (Moringaceae) is commonly used as food supplement and medicine in most African countries where malaria also endemic. Therefore, co-administration of MO with antimalarials a possibility. This study investigated the effects leaves powder on pharmacokinetics amodiaquine (AQ) human subjects.Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited for 3-period study. In first period, single dose AQ tablet (10 mg/kg) was administered orally after an overnight fast. After 7-day washout...

The possible occurrence of a kinetic interaction between cyclosporine A and glibenclamide was assessed by reviewing data six posttransplant diabetic patients who received the two drugs concurrently. Coadministration resulted in 57% increase steady-state plasma levels despite normal hepatic renal functions patients. This elevation level is possibly due to an resulting from inhibition CYP3A4-mediated metabolism glibenclamide. observation calls for closer monitoring during concomitant...

Context: Co-administration of amodiaquine with MAMA decoction (MD), an herbal antimalarial drug comprising the leaves Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae), Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) and Azadirachta A. Juss (Meliaceae) was investigated. The practice concurrent administration medicines orthodox drugs is currently on increase globally.Objective: study designed to investigate possible enhancement potency as well herb–drug interaction resulting from...

Objectives Previous studies on nevirapine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy reported contradictory findings. Methods The magnitude of pregnancy-induced changes in was investigated a genotype-guided study preceded by pharmacogenetic association six genes involved its disposition. Results CYP2B6 516 G>T and 983 T>C were associated independently with plasma concentrations pregnant (n=110) postpartum (n=122) women used for stratification. NR1I3 540C>T P450 oxidoreductase 1508C>T lower higher...

Summary Objective To examine the possibility of a different extent chloroquine (CQ) metabolism in human pregnancy by determining blood level profiles drug and its major metabolite, desethylchloroquine (CQM). Methods Five women early third trimester five non‐pregnant received each single 600 mg oral dose CQ samples were collected at pre‐determined intervals following administration. Plasma concentrations CQM analysed an established HPLC method. Results The C max AUC 0‐‐48 h significantly...

The Mu ( �) and Theta Θ) classes of glutathione transferase gene, GSTM1 GSTT1 are polymorphic in humans. enzyme deficiencies have been suggested to predispose people lung, bladder colorectal cancer. This study was carried out investigate the distribution Glutathione transferases (GSTs) genotype frequency three major Nigerian ethnic groups with a view understanding implication GST polymorphisms on disease susceptibility. Three hundred unrelated volunteers from Hausa, Ibo Yoruba who consented...

Artemether-lumefantrine is often coadministered with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy for malaria treatment in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. Previous studies showed changes lumefantrine pharmacokinetics due to interaction efavirenz nonpregnant adults. The influence of pregnancy on this has not been reported. This pharmacokinetic study involved 35 pregnant and 34 HIV-malaria-coinfected receiving was conducted four health facilities Nigeria. Participants received a 3-day standard...