<p>This research explored the relationship between digital trade development and sustainable social in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We first defined these two concepts then constructed Sustainable Social Development Index (SSDI) Digital Trade (DTDI) using entropy weighting method panel data of 26 African countries from 2000 to 2020. also analyzed indices Granger non-causality test instrumental variables two-stage least squares estimation method. Our findings show a statistically...

The rapid advancement of technology and the increasing accessibility Internet are driving changes in various economic activities, including international trade. This study explores relationship between digital trade employment across 30 African countries from 2009 to 2020, with a particular focus on role digitally delivered services as proxy for Utilizing panel data employing PCSE IV-2SLS estimation techniques, findings reveal that while expansion may contribute reduction formal employment,...

This study considers the practical stabilisation of switched affine systems under multi‐rate sampled‐data switching control. In order to depict sampled value all state components, a sensing block composed several sensors with asynchronous uncertain non‐uniform sampling intervals is applied. On basis value, new class functionals developed, which Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and looped function. Practical conditions are presented for system by means law. Two examples provided demonstrate...

Motivated by the popularity of 'Run away from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou' saying in China this paper tests determinants subjective well-being (SWB) long-term migrants extent to which make optimal locational decisions terms SWB. China's cities are divided into 4 core first-tier cities, 15 new non-first-tier (94 sample) reflecting different levels economic opportunity amenities. Migrants can only be observed their present location. Hence, we use a semi-parametric marginal treatment...

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of a combination individual health accounts ( IHAs ) and catastrophic insurance on lifetime income redistribution by examining variations in end‐of‐life IHA balances out‐of‐pocket expenditures. We exploit longitudinal expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 K unshan C ity, J iangsu P rovince hina. find high concentration low at end life, with most equal zero. finding suggests that are used for expenditures effect through accumulation balance is...

This paper studies the happiness function from both theoretical and empirical perspectives comparatively explores impacts of monetary factors like consumption income on subjective well-being (SWB). It finds that specific number relative change in have a significant impact SWB. Both increase or can significantly enhance personal happiness, spending money is more beneficial to improvement than making money. Because differences initial face families inertia environmental adaptation & ratchet...

This paper examines the individual financial risk of health care expenditures over time in urban China, using longitudinal expenditure data from 2005 to 2007 Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China. We find that stochastic process log total is well represented by sum an AR(3) and a white noise process. Simulating this model, we insurance system protects enrollees catastrophic bearing majority expenditures. However, out-of-pocket represents considerable individual’s status.out-of-pocket...

This paper investigates the problem of stabilization for switched affine neural networks with a sampled-data switching rule. sampling interval may be variable and uncertain. The law is considered as function system state at instants. single multiple Lyapunov methods are employed to design rule respectively. Sufficient conditions given in terms linear matrix inequalities guarantee practical stability such systems. Two examples illustrate effectiveness obtained results.