In this paper, we design the training signal for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system in colored medium. We assume that known channel covariance matrix (CM) is Kronecker product of transmit CM and receive CM. Similarly, additive Gaussian noise modeled by temporal spatial maximize differential entropy gained receiver limited energy budget at transmitter. Using, singular value decomposition involved CMs, turn problem into convex optimization problem. prove left right vectors...

Abstract Background Post-radiation large vessel injury has not received as much attention microvascular irradiation injury. A few studies have shown that common carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) is increased after radiotherapy to the head and neck. However, in most of these studies, irradiated subjects also had other major risk factors for atherosclerosis. In this study, with such hypertension, diabetes, history previous cerebrovascular accident connective tissue disorder were excluded....

Performance of the algorithms which process intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) highly depends on accuracy estimating times that electrical waves pass area under electrodes. Estimating these activation (ATs) from IEGMs during atrial fibrillation (AF) is extremely challenging as activities atria are very complex, non-stationary, and irregular. In this paper, we propose a new detector based test equality variance two sets data. At any time t, consider IEGM data: 1) data in bounded interval...

Objective: We introduce novel methods to identify the active intervals (AIs) of intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) during complex arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: formulate AI extraction problem, which consists estimating beginning and duration AIs, a sequence hypothesis tests. In each test, we compare variance small portion bipolar IEGM with its adjacent segments. propose modified general-likelihood ratio (MGLR) separating function-estimation tests; derive five test...

In this paper a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system is considered in which relay with multiple antennas used to assist the data transmission from source destination. We assume that applies linear transform matrix on its received signal vector and retransmit transformed destination node. optimize by maximizing average end-to-end SNR. The transfer related eigenvectors of correlation matrices two channels. For some special cases, we derive optimum solution best unitary...

Substrate based catheter ablation strategies are widely employed for treatment of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). We analysed intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) from close-coupled paced extrastimuli extracted the EnSite Precision mapping system. sought to characterize EGM responses myocardium varying coupling intervals right apex (RVA) in both healthy individuals and patients presenting with VT ablation.Extrastimuli were delivered RVA after estimation effective refractory period....

We consider a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication system in which linear non-regenerative MIMO relay assists the data transmission between source and destination node using orthogonal space time block codes (OSTBC). derive transformation matrix (RTM) by minimizing symbol error rate (or maximizing capacity) of under constraint on relay’s transmitted power. The RTM is derived presence direct source-destination path for spatially-correlated additive noise vectors. show that proposed...

The cardiac conduction velocity vector (CCVV) provides valuable information that is used to distinguish/treat various heart diseases. CCVV can be estimated using the intracardiac electrograms; i.e., activation times (ATs) and locations of recording catheter's electrodes are for VV estimation. In practice, ATs estimated, if their estimation errors not taken into consideration, they may significantly degrade quality Thus, in this paper, we assume contaminated with white Gaussian noise known...

Cardiac mapping systems are based on the time/frequency feature analyses of intracardiac electrograms recorded from individual bipolar/unipolar electrodes. Signals each electrode processed independently. Such approaches fail to investigate interrelationship between simultaneously channels any given catheter during atrial fibrillation (AF). We introduce a novel signal processing technique that reflects regional dominant frequency (RDF) components. show RDF can be used identify and...

Catheter ablation therapy has become a key intervention in treatment of ventriculartachycardia (VT). However, current fractionation mapping methods used to isolate the targets VT patients are done manually, and therefore time consuming. They also have limited success rates (50% recurrence rate within 2 years). We present fully automated detection algorithm for with which expands on previously defined features substantially decreases associated study times. Paced electrogram signals were...

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is an extremely costly public health problem. Catheter-based ablation a minimally invasive procedure to treat AF. Contemporary mapping methods are highly dependent on accuracy of anatomic localization rotor sources within atria. In this paper, using simulated atrial intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) during AF, we propose computationally efficient method for localizing tip electrical with Archimedean/arithmetic spiral...

The advances in digital communications and compression algorithms have made more efficient robust transmission schemes possible. Radio broadcast systems not fully utilized these to their benefit. All radio for the AM FM band are proposed. proposed based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology conjunction with PAC both bands. Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC) developed by Bell Laboratories compresses audio signals very efficiently CD-like quality at 96 kbps stereo FM-like...

The capability to increase the channel capacity of wireless systems without increasing transmit power depends on accuracy estimation at receiver. In this paper, problem designing training signals is investigated for correlated and uncorrelated multi-input multioutput (MIMO) channels. For this, optimum briefly addressed in sense mean square error. Then signal designed channels by maximizing mutual information (carried signal) between received sequence during training. Simulations show that...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major global health issue as it the most prevalent supraventricular arrhythmia. Multiple ectopic electrical sources in atria are believed to sustain AF. Catheter-based ablation of these considered an effective AF treatment. Based on Hough transform (HT), we propose general framework that processes atrial intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) localize tip source with spiral wavefront shape. Using locations catheter's electrodes and activation times IEGMs, provide...

In this paper, we study the problem of cardiac conduction velocity (CCV) estimation for sequential intracardiac mapping. We assume that electrograms several sites are sequentially recorded, their activation times (ATs) extracted, and corresponding wavefronts specified. The locations mapping catheter's electrodes ATs used here CCV estimation. extracted include some errors, which model with zero-mean white Gaussian noise values known variances. Assuming stable planar wavefront propagation,...

The cardiac conduction velocity vector (VV) at a desired point in any chamber of the heart can be estimated by processing local intracardiac electrograms, i.e., activation times (ATs) and locations recording catheter's electrodes used for VV estimation. In this paper, we modify maximum time difference (MTD) method, which is simple computational efficient estimation approach. MTD, first, ATs electrograms are extracted, corresponding wavefronts estimated. For each wavefront, as connecting...

The authors consider a linear relaying communication system using multiple antennas at source, relay and destination. They maximise the end-to-end signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) to find transformation (RT) source transmit covariance (STC) matrices. For any given STC matrix, SNR, they prove that has assign all its power in direction of dominant eigenmodes source–relay relay–destination channels. also joint optimal rank-one matrices for RT. this solution maximises source–destination mutual...

The authors consider a relay communication system, where all nodes are equipped with multi‐input multi‐output antennas, and there is direct path/channel between the source destination. Assuming linear non‐regenerative relaying, matrix designed by maximising signal‐to‐noise ratio of system. derive optimum relaying for different power constraints in relay, including fixed constraint on maximum transmitting from relay. Under total transmit power, they budgets that only depend four positive...

The cardiac conduction velocity (CV) can be estimated by analysing the activation times (ATs) and locations of electrodes that are used for intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) recording. Here, we study problem CV estimation in sequential mapping without using any independent as a time alignment reference. We assume IEGMs sequentially recorded from several sites, where at each site, least two catheter's contact with tissue. consider planar wavefront stable propagates within recording sites...

Catheter ablation therapy is an effective approach to treat different arrhythmias. Cardiac conduction velocity (Cv), extracted from intracardiac electrograms, shows the speed and direction of wavefront propagation at sites insightful feature guide therapy. To create a map, small mapping catheter with high density electrodes usually used sequentially collect electrograms in desired chamber heart. The CV isochrone surface estimations are very challenging during complex arrhythmias such as...

The performance of any intracardiac electrogram processing method is limited by the accuracy its activation detection approach. most common approaches in literature aim to find highest peak envelope disregarding start and end points. However, duration can be used extract useful information such as wave collisions. In this work, we propose a novel orthogonal based approach for fast accurate estimation activations (activation envelope) recordings during atrial fibrillation. Wavelet...