The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence Gln and vitamin E (VE) supplementation in diet broiler chickens (Cobb-Vantress) on morphometry intestinal mucosa. design completely randomized a 2 × 3 (VE periods administering Gln) factorial arrangement. levels VE used were 10 500 mg/kg (1%) Gln-supplemented starter (for first 7 or 14 d life for no added Gln), totaling 6 treatments with 5 replicates 50 birds per experimental unit. In growth period (d 22 41 posthatch), consisted...

1. Two experiments were performed to study the supplementation of valine, isoleucine, arginine and glycine (Val, Ile, Arg, Gly) in low-protein diets for broiler chickens starter (1-21 d; Exp. 1) grower (22-42 2) phases. 2. A low-crude protein (CP) diet was formulated meet requirements all amino acids (AA) supplied by control except Val, Arg Gly. The other experimental obtained isolated or combined studied AA low-CP diet. 3. Growth, serum parameters litter characteristics taken both...

A study was conducted to evaluate Gly requirements in low-CP diets with different levels of digestible (dig) Thr, and their effects on performance, intestinal mucosal development, nutrient utilization broiler chickens from 21 35 d age. total 240 twenty-one-day-old Cobb-Vantress male were distributed a completely randomized 4 × 2 factorial arrangement for 8 treatments 5 replicates 6 birds each. The consisted Gly+Ser (1.47, 1.57, 1.67, or 1.77%) dig Thr (0.70 0.77%, corresponding 100 110%...

This work aimed at evaluating the effects of supplementation starter diet with Arg on breast muscle development in broilers and activation satellite cells aggregation myofibrillar protein. Male Cobb chicks (n = 990) were randomly assigned to 1 5 treatments a complete random design. Measurements 33 per treatment made 6 repetitions. The consisted basal 1.390% digestible (without supplementation) 4 dietary levels (1.490, 1.590, 1.690, 1.790%) Arg:Lys ratios 1.103, 1.183, 1.262, 1.341, 1.421,...

The objective of this experiment was to assess the use different vitamin D metabolites in feed broiler chickens and effects on performance, bone parameters meat quality. A total 952 one-day-old male chicks were distributed a completely randomised design, with four treatments, seven replicates 34 birds per experimental unit. treatments consisted sources included diet, D3, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α(OH)D3, providing 2000 1600 IU starter (1 21 d) growth phases (22 42 d), respectively. Mean...

This work studied the effect of supplementing commercially available amino acids in low-protein diets using different ratios digestible (dig) glycine+serine:lysine (Gly+Ser:Lys) on performance, serum parameters, feathering, and litter characteristics broiler chickens during starter period. A total one thousand fifty 1-d-old Cobb-Vantress male chicks were distributed a completely randomized experimental design into 6 treatments with 5 replicates 35 birds each. The as follows: T1, control diet...

Two trials were conducted to determine Na+ and Cl- nutritional requirements dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) its effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens during the growing period. Cobb broilers distributed a completely randomized design (30 pens) with six treatments, five replicates, 50 birds per experimental unit at 21 d age. Treatments used both basal diet 0.10% (Trial 1) or 2) supplemented result diets levels 0.10,...

Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) nutritional requirements, dietary electrolyte balance (DEB), their effects on acid-base balance, litter moisture, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) incidence for young broiler chickens were evaluated in two trials. One-day-old Cobb broilers distributed a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates, 50 birds per experimental unit. Treatments used both experiments basal diet 0.10% Na+ (Experiment 1) or Cl- 2) supplemented to result diets levels...

1. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum glycine+serine (Gly+Ser) concentration in low-crude protein (CP) diets that have adequate or high concentrations dietary threonine (Thr) for broiler chickens initial growth phase. 2. Treatments consisted four Gly+Ser (18.4; 19.8; 21.2 and 22.6 g/kg) two Thr (9.3 10.7 g/kg, corresponding 100 115% required Thr, respectively). 3. At 21d, interactions were observed between feed conversion ratio, creatine content pectoral muscles serum...

The objective of this study was to determine the requirements and interactions between standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu Val levels in low-protein diets, their effects on performance, serum characteristics, carcass yield diameter muscle fibers broiler chickens from d 21 42 posthatch. A total 1,500 21-day-old Cobb 500 male were distributed a completely randomized design 5 × factorial arrangement for 25 treatments with 3 replicates 20 birds each. Treatments consisted SID (1.0, 1.2, 1.4,...

Four experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal standardized ileal digestible (SID) level of branched-chain amino acids in low-protein diets during starter, grower, and finisher periods, using response surface methodology, study their effects on performance mRNA expression genes involved mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway broiler chickens from 8 21 D age. In 1, 2, 3, a total 1,500 Cobb male assigned 15 central composite rotatable design (CCD) methodology containing 5 levels...

Due to the lack of a complete urea cycle, uricotelic species, such as broilers, are not able synthesize de novo arginine (Arg), thus depending exclusively on dietary Arg. High levels lysine (Lys) increase demand for Arg because antagonistic relationship between these amino acids. The Arg-Lys antagonism promotes an expressive in renal activity and consequently induces degradation decrease glycine amidinotransferase, enzyme that uses synthesis muscle creatin. is considered important modulator...

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation meat-type quail breeders with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on their reproductive parameters and progeny performance. Two hundred forty quails at 25 wk age were distributed in a completely randomized design 5 treatments 8 replicates 6 birds each. The consisted levels GAA (0.00, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24%). progenies from housed according breeder fed conventional diet based corn soybean meal without supplementation. Dietary...

The effects of starter diet (days 1 to 21) supplemented with arginine (Arg) on the production performance and duodenum jejunum mucosa morphometry broilers were studied. Male Cobb broiler chickens (990) randomly assigned one five treatments in a complete random design. Measurements 33 chicks per treatment made six repetitions. consisted basal 1.390% digestible Arg (no supplementation) four dietary levels (1.490%, 1.590%, 1.690%, 1.790%), providing relationship lysine 1.103; 1.183; 1.262;...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion propolis extraction residue in feed broilers from 1 21 d age on phagocytic activity macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile determine optimal level inclusion. 120 chicks, reared metabolism cages until days age, were distributed a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%...

Summary The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels an ethanolic extract propolis ( EEP ) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, weight gastrointestinal organs, intestinal morphometry and digestive enzyme activity. 1020 male chicks were assigned in a completely randomised experimental design six treatments supplement 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 5000 ppm) five replications, 34 birds per unit. diets administered from 1 21 days age, subsequently provided ration...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the interactive effect of a glycine equivalent (Glyequi) and standardized ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr) levels in low crude protein diets on performance, blood biochemistry, pectoral muscular creatine content oxidative stability meat broiler chickens from 21 42 days.Methods: A total 1,500, twenty-one-day-old Cobb-Vantress male were distributed completely randomized 5×3 factorial arrangement Glyequi×SID Thr with five replicates 20 birds each....

Inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) is an essential nucleotide for de novo biosynthesis and metabolism of energy, proteins, antioxidants. Nucleotides are conditionally essential, as they cannot be produced sufficiently rapidly to meet the needs body in situations oxidative stress or rapid muscle growth. A deficient intake nucleotides can result decreased ATP GTP synthesis impaired metabolism. We demonstrated that supplementation finishing pig diets with 5'-IMP reduces relative weight liver,...

This study evaluated sodium requirements of rapidly-growing male broilers to 56 days. Two sources (feed grade salt, feed bicarbonate) provided dietary levels 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30% Na. One series used salt alone; chloride ranged from 0.24 0.48%. In a second combination bicarbonate the same listed above but maintained at 0.20%. Results present suggest that requirement was no more than 0.20% 21 days age 0.15% in diets fed 42 or age. Chloride higher were benefit. Sodium equal as source...

A trial was carried out to determine the lysine requirement for starting barrows fed on ideal protein concept-based diets. Thirty-two pigs from a commercial crossbred genetic group (CCGG, BW=15.9 ± 1.4 kg) and 32 dam line one (DLGG, BW= 14.8 1.0 were used. Pigs allotted 4 treatments with diets containing increasing levels of total (0.80, 1.00, 1.20 1.40%). Methionine+cystine, threonine tryptophan adjusted according profile. Data performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) carcass composition...

Foram conduzidos três experimentos com o objetivo de estimar as exigências nutricionais cálcio e fósforo disponível codornas corte em crescimento. No experimento 1 (1-14 dias idade), 1.250 foram distribuídas esquema fatorial 5 × (níveis = 0,65; 0,76; 0,87; 0,98 1,09% níveis 0,12; 0,22; 0,32; 0,42 0,52%), totalizando 25 tratamentos duas repetições aves por unidade experimental. Os não influenciaram desempenho das aves, mas os afetaram forma quadrática peso corporal, ganho a densitometria...

This study was to evaluate the sunflower cake and enzymatic complex fed broilers from 22 42 d of age.In a completely randomized design, total 850 birds were allotted in 2×5 factorial scheme (with without complex) five inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) cake. There 5 replications 17 each experimental unit. Data performance, carcass yield intestinal morphology evaluated.Feed intake, weight gain, final feed:gain ratio linearly worsened as increased. For ratio, whose diets contained 15%...

The effect of adding Agaricus blazei to the diet broilers on immunity, serum parameters, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. A total 840 1-day-old chicks were used, distributed among five levels a completely randomized design (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20% A. blazei), with six replications 28 birds per experimental unit. weights thymus, spleen cloacal bursa not influenced (P > 0.05). Leukocytes, macrophages nitric oxide unaffected 0.05), but at each supplementation level compared...