We have developed an estrogen receptor-based chemical-inducible system for use in transgenic plants. A chimeric transcription activator, XVE, was assembled by fusion of the DNA-binding domain bacterial repressor LexA (X), acidic transactivating VP16 (V) and regulatory region human receptor (E; ER). The activity XVE factor, whose expression controlled strong constitutive promoter G10-90, strictly regulated estrogens. In Arabidopsis tobacco plants, estradiol-activated can stimulate a GFP...

Actin-binding proteins of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are thought to control actin-based motile processes. ADF1 from Arabidopsis thaliana appears be a good model that is functionally similar other members family. The function ADF in dynamics has been examined using combination physical–chemical methods and motility assays, under physiological ionic conditions at pH 7.8. binds ADPbound forms G- or F-actin with an affinity two orders magnitude higher than ATP- ADP-Pi–...

A novel chemical induction system for transcription in plants has been developed, taking advantage of the regulatory mechanism vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. chimeric DNA-binding domain yeast factor GAL4, transactivating herpes viral protein VP16, and receptor rat glucocorticoid (GR). The GVG gene was introduced into transgenic tobacco Arabidopsis together with a luciferase (Luc) which transcribed from promoter containing six tandem copies GAL4 upstream activating sequence. Induction...

Auxin plays a key role in lateral root formation, but the signaling pathway for this process is poorly understood. We show here that NAC1 , new member of NAC family, induced by auxin and mediates to promote development. transcription activator consisting an N-terminal conserved NAC-domain binds DNA C-terminal activation domain. This factor activates expression two downstream auxin-responsive genes, DBP AIR3 . Transgenic plants expressing sense or antisense cDNA increase reduction roots,...

Seed dormancy is a trait of considerable adaptive significance because it maximizes seedling survival by preventing premature germination under unfavorable conditions. Understanding how seeds break and initiate growth also great agricultural biotechnological interest. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays primary regulatory roles in the initiation maintenance seed dormancy. Here we report that basic leucine zipper transcription factor ABI5 confers an enhanced response to exogenous ABA during...

Summary Upon seed imbibition, abscisic acid (ABA) levels decrease to allow embryos germinate and develop into seedlings. However, under abiotic stress conditions, ABA remain high, growth development are arrested. Several transcription factors, including acid‐insensitive (ABI)3 ABI5, known control this developmental checkpoint. Here, we show that, in germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, induces the accumulation of microRNA 159 (miR159) an ABI3‐dependent fashion, miRNA159 mediates cleavage...

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) transcribed from regions of yeast and animal genomes play important roles in key biological processes. Yet, plant lincRNAs remain poorly characterized how lincRNA biogenesis is regulated unclear. Using a reproducibility-based bioinformatics strategy to analyze 200 Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome data sets, we identified 13,230 transcripts which 6480 can be classified as lincRNAs. Expression 2708 was detected by RNA sequencing experiments....

Appropriate regulation of transcription in higher plants requires specific cis elements the regulatory regions genes and their corresponding trans-acting proteins. Analysis cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter has contributed to understanding transcriptional mechanisms. The intact confers constitutive expression upon heterologous most plants. Dissection into subdomains that are able confer tissue-specific gene demonstrated a modular organization. When selected combined, they not...

RNA silencing refers to small regulatory RNA-mediated processes that repress endogenous gene expression and defend hosts from offending viruses. As an anti-host defense mechanism, viruses encode suppressors can block pathways. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-encoded 2b protein was among the first identified could inhibit post-transcriptional (PTGS), but with little or no effect on miRNA functions. The mechanisms underlying suppression of are unknown. Here, we demonstrate CMV also interferes...

Summary The development of a germinating embryo into an autotrophic seedling is arrested under conditions water deficit. This ABA‐mediated developmental checkpoint requires the bZIP transcription factor ABI5. Here, we used abi3‐1 , which also unable to execute this checkpoint, investigate relative role ABI3 and ABI5 in process. In wild‐type Arabidopsis plants, expression activity parallel those described for following stratification. During process, transcript levels late embryogenesis genes...

Summary Formation of somatic embryos in plants is known to require high concentrations auxin or 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), which presumably acts trigger a signalling cascade. However, very little about the molecular mechanism that mediates vegetative‐to‐embryogenic transition. We have employed genetic approach dissect signal transduction pathway during embryogenesis. In functional screen using chemical‐inducible activation‐tagging system, we identified two alleles Arabidopsis...

Summary The C‐terminus of mouse talin (amino acids 2345–2541) is responsible for all the protein’s f‐actin binding capacity. Unlike full‐length talin, C‐terminal domain unable to nucleate actin polymerization. We have found that transient and stable expression actin‐binding fused green fluorescent protein (GFP‐mTn) can visualize cytoskeleton in different types living plant cells without affecting cell morphology or function. Transiently expressed GFP‐mTn co‐localized with...

The cycling bioluminescence of Arabidopsis plants carrying a firefly luciferase fusion construct was used to identify mutant individuals with aberrant patterns. Both long- and short-period mutants were recovered. A semidominant mutation, timing CAB expression ( toc1 ), mapped chromosome 5. mutation shortens the period two distinct circadian rhythms, chlorophyll a/b -binding protein ) genes movements primary leaves, although do not show extensive pleiotropy for other phenotypes.

Pollen tube cells elongate based on actin- dependent targeted secretion at the tip. Rho family small GTPases have been implicated in regulation of related processes animal and yeast cells. We functionally characterized Rac type proteins that are expressed growing pollen tubes. Expression dominant negative inhibited elongation, whereas expression constitutive active induced depolarized growth. was found to accumulate tip plasma membrane physically associate with a phosphatidylinositol...

Abstract An interlocking transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock-associated genes is thought to be the central oscillator circadian clock in plants. TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (also called PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR1 [PRR1]) and two MYB transcription factors, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), play pivotal roles loop. Genetic studies have suggested that PRR9, PRR7, PRR5 also act within or close loop; however, their molecular functions remain...

We used an in vitro culture system to investigate the effects of three auxin polar transport inhibitors (9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid, trans-cinnamic and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) on development early globular heart-shaped stage embryos Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) plants. Although effective concentrations vary with different inhibitors, all them induced formation fused cotyledons ([less than or equal to]60 [mu]m) but not embryos. Inhibitor-treated Brassica phenocopy Arabidopsis...

Regulated RNA metabolism appears to be a critical component of molecular mechanisms directing flowering initiation in plants. A group binding proteins exerts their roles through the autonomous pathway. Posttranscriptional regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) also play key role flowering-time control. Here, we demonstrate that GIGANTEA (GI)-regulated miR172 defines unique genetic pathway regulates photoperiodic inducing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) independent CONSTANS (CO). late-flowering mutant which...