Abstract Despite the apparent simplicity, it is notoriously difficult to measure rainfall accurately because of challenging environment within which measured. Systematic bias caused by wind inherent in measurement and introduces an inconvenient unknown into hydrological science that generally ignored. This paper examines role rain gauge shape mounting height on catch efficiency (CE), where CE defined as ratio between nonreference reference measurements. Using a pit reference, we have...

Despite there being well-established meteorological and hydrometric monitoring networks in the UK, many smaller catchments remain ungauged. This leaves a challenge for characterisation, modelling, forecasting management activities. Here we demonstrate value of community-based ('citizen science') observations modelling understanding catchment response as contribution to science. The scheme implemented within 42 km2 Haltwhistle Burn catchment, tributary River Tyne northeast England, has...

Abstract. The Yangtze River basin is home to more than 400 million people and contributes nearly half of China's food production. Therefore, planning for climate change impacts on water resource discharges essential. We used a physically based distributed hydrological model, Shetran, simulate discharge in the just below Three Gorges Dam at Yichang (1 007 200 km2), obtaining an excellent match between simulated measured daily discharge, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies 0.95 calibration period...

Abstract Natural Flood Management (NFM) is receiving much attention in the United Kingdom and across Europe now widely seen as a valid solution to help sustainably manage flood risk whilst offering significant multiple benefits. However, there little empirical evidence demonstrating effectiveness of NFM interventions reducing hazard at catchment scale. The Belford Burn (~6km 2 ) Northern England provides focus for this article, utilises observed data collected throughout project's monitoring...

Abstract On 5–6th September 2008, prolonged rainfall in the north east of England resulted flooding many towns. Belford lies within this region and has a history flooding, but on occasion, was minimal. Numerous houses businesses are at risk traditional flood defence measures not considered to be cost effective. In year before storm, series runoff attenuation features had been developed catchment (∼6 km 2 ) as part Farm Integrated Runoff Management plans. Water‐level data from stream pilot...

Abstract Hydrological catchments today are largely the product of human activity. They have been engineered. The negative impacts some this engineering such as deforestation and agriculture intensification need to be addressed but solution is not simply a matter doing opposite, for example through afforestation or moving less‐intensive farming. We propose catchment systems (CSE) approach that utilizes expands on existing catchment‐based approaches, combining interventions work with mimic...

Large-scale image velocimetry is a novel approach for non-contact remote sensing of flow in rivers. Research within this topic has largely focussed on developing specific aspects the work-flow, or alternatively, testing tools software using case studies. This resulted development multitude techniques, with varying practice being employed between groups, and authorities. As such, those new to velocimetry, it may be hard decipher which methods are suited particular challenges. research...

Runoff attenuation features ( RAFs ) are low‐cost, soft‐engineered catchment modifications designed to intercept polluted hydrological flow pathways. They used slow, store and filter runoff from agricultural land in order reduce flood risk improve water quality, specifically by mitigating diffuse pollution agriculture. This study focuses on a sub (30 ha) of the Belford Burn (5.7 km 2 where capacity two concentrations suspended sediment SS ), phosphorus P nitrate NO 3 has been investigated. A...

Natural Flood Management (NFM) and catchment-based solutions for flood risk management environmental problems are wide-ranging complex. of fluvial in the UK is undergoing a fundamental shift, with change emphasis from solely working structural defences to considering measures which attenuate runoff. At heart this NFM nature-based solutions. One key type intervention Runoff Attenuation Feature (RAF): class features that targets runoff flow pathways creates new temporary storage (such as ponds...

The water quality of our rivers and lakes is a reflection the landscape over through which it travels. UK government, along with all European Union member states, are obliged under Water Framework Directive (WFD) to aim for good ecological status fresh bodies by 2015. In order evaluate effectiveness potential mitigation measures in reducing diffuse pollution from agriculture at catchment scale, Demonstration Test Catchment (DTC) project was developed. jointly funded Defra, Environment Agency...

Intense farming plays a key role in high runoff rates. It is vital to communicate this risk stakeholders and policy-makers effectively. There great potential for agriculture become major component managing flood risk. proposed here that lower can be achieved by reducing rates from farmed landscapes. Hence, tools evaluate management options are needed alongside improved understanding of generation systems. The Floods Agriculture Risk Matrix decision support tool designed assess the relative...

Abstract Purposely placed in‐stream wooden leaky barriers (LBs) with lower gaps to facilitate flow during average conditions have become a popular type of nature‐based intervention in catchments for flood risk mitigation. Empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains rare, however. The hydro‐geomorphic effects 16 LBs were monitored over three years the Elm Sike, small upland stream (catchment area: 0.33 km 2 ) Scottish Borders, UK. aims structures to: (1) increase water storage and...

Treatment of polluting discharges from abandoned mines is producing large quantities ochre (mainly iron (III) oxides) for which no major end-use has yet been identified. Newcastle and Edinburgh Universities are currently conducting research to develop test novel field-scale methods use phosphorus removal sewage effluent land drainage. Phosphorus pollution a serious threat the water environment in industrialised countries, causing eutrophication, algal blooms, fish kills loss resources. Our...

Abstract. A generic Nutrient Export Risk Matrix (NERM) approach is presented. This provides advice to farmers and policy makers on good practice for reducing nutrient loss and, hopefully, persuades them implement such measures. Combined with a range of transport modelling tools field experiments, NERMs can play an important role in export from agricultural land. The Phosphorus (PERM) presented as example NERM. PERM integrates hydrological understanding runoff number agronomic factors into...

We present a new hydrodynamic modelling framework capable of fully exploiting modern graphics and central processing units (GPUs CPUs) from any the mainstream vendors, to be used in design assessment sustainable drainage systems. A finite-volume Godunov-type scheme is combined with HLLC Riemann solver create robust numerical model which correctly addresses wetting drying transient flow conditions, suitable for application wide range flood simulations. The software tested three day event...

What is the role of hydroinformatics in improving balance between profitable rural landscapes and environmental quality? Growing recognition need for integrated approaches to land water management, taking account socio-economic development considerations, has given rise concepts such as sustainable Integrated River Basin Management. Models information systems have a place land–water but only if researchers practitioners engage with wider concerns work across disciplines. Thus balanced...