Abstract A solution containing dimethyl sulphoxide, disodium EDTA, and saturated NaCl (abbreviated here as DESS) was tested for various applications in the preservation of nematodes combined morphological molecular analyses. The can be used to preserve individual nematodes, nematode extracts, or entire soil/sediment samples. Preserved material easily stored months at room temperature, shipped by mail, carried luggage. Morphological features are usually well preserved; specimen quality being...

Molecular surveys of meiofaunal diversity face some interesting methodological challenges when it comes to interstitial nematodes from soils and sediments. Morphology-based are greatly limited in processing speed, while barcoding approaches for hampered by difficulties matching sequence data with traditional taxonomy. Intermediate technology is needed bridge the gap between both approaches. An example such video capture editing microscopy, which consists recording taxonomically informative...

Recent taxonomic and population genetic studies have revealed the presence of substantial cryptic diversity through sequence analysis nematode morphospecies classified in different major clades.Correct interpretations intra-and interspecific variation require certainty about conspecificity sequenced specimens, which turn must depend on appropriate protocols with built-in verifiability procedures.In this study, we performed a study free-living marine Thoracostoma trachygaster, member one...

A new species of Phasmarhabditis and the known P. papillosa were isolated from cadavers invasive slugs in California. is type genus has not previously been reported Americas. Both are characterised based on morphology, morphometrics molecular data. Molecular phylogenies inferred concatenated DNA sequence alignments nearly complete SSU D2-D3 domains LSU rDNA. californica n. sp. by a robust body, mature egg-laying specimens almost spindle-shaped when relaxed, 1.5 (1.3-1.8) mm long, tapering to...

Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is reported for the first time in North America from cadavers of invasive slug species Deroceras reticulatum , D. laeve and Lehmannia valentiana collected three different locations California, USA. Four isolates were identified using combined morphology, morphometrics molecular sequence data complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2), D2-D3 expansion segments large subunit (LSU or 28S) nearly small (SSU 18S) ribosomal DNA. Extremely low variations...

Theba pisana is a serious snail pest in many parts of the world and affects diverse crops including grain, vegetables, grapevines, ornamental plants shrubs. Due to its gregarious nature, ability reproduce rapidly, difficulty controlling it by conventional methods, has potential become significant where introduced. Mitigating this an important challenge that must be addressed. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, gastropod-killing nematode commercially available only Europe (Nemaslug ®) Sub-Saharan...

Nematode diversity may seriously be underestimated when taking into account cryptic speciation. Thoracostoma trachygaster is commonly found in kelp holdfasts along the California coastline and was recently shown to consist of at least two distinct molecular clades (I II). Here, we provide detailed morphological analysis both clades, based on measurements taken from video vouchers respectively eight 16 individuals previous study, as well 80 newly collected specimens four Californian beaches....

Biological control (biocontrol) as a component of pest management strategies reduces reliance on synthetic chemicals, and seemingly offers natural approach that minimizes environmental impact. However, introducing new organism to environments classical biocontrol agent can have broad unanticipated biodiversity effects conservation consequences. Nematodes are currently used in variety commercial applications, including the use Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita an targeting slug snail species....

Abstract Hirschmanniella santarosae sp. n. is described from the largest vernal pool in Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve, Murrieta, California, USA. The cryptic new species morphologically very close to H. pomponiensis and gracilis as it can be distinguished former only by a more anterior excretory pore position flattened well laterally expanded stylet knobs, whilst differs latter greater distance phasmid tail tip bursal alae ending near phasmids rather than tip. Analysis of rDNA small...

The impact of selected entomopathogenic nematodes and Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on the European-Union-protected slug Geomalacus maculosus sympatric Lehmannia marginata was investigated. There no significant difference in mortality between slugs treated with their controls. presence P. two G. cadavers may be result necromenic behaviour. This study constitutes first record californica Europe.

Longidorus mindanaoensis n. sp. is described from samples associated with riverine mangroves in the Philippines and first species collected such a habitat. Its relationship within genus inferred molecular morphological data. Phylogenetic inferences were performed for D2-D3 SSU rDNA using appropriate phylogenetic algorithms. The new characterised by thickened basal layer of body cuticle prominent spiral fibres, dome-shaped continuous lip region, an oval to elliptical fovea pore-like opening,...

The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal parasite of many pest slug and snail species. It used as commercial biological control agent (Nemaslug®) in Europe but number key gastropod pests (e.g. Lissachatina fulica) are thought to be unsusceptible. Our data, however, demonstrated that recently discovered U.S. strain P. causes statistically significant mortality neonate L. fulica consequently this could an important IPM tool for managing areas where has been discovered. Soil...

The nematode diversity in soil and litter was investigated on Mount Hamiguitan, the Philippines, along four eco-habitats from elevations of 75-1600 m a.s.l. A total 155 467 nematodes were identified to 39 62 genera soil, respectively. assemblages did not show any relation eco-habitat or elevation. Bacterivorous most common group (37.5%). Acrobeloides abundant Aphelenchoides litter. Bicirronema hamiguitanense n. sp. is herein described based morphology, morphometrics molecular data. new...

Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 is reported for the first time in United States. Identification was based on combined morphological and molecular data (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I 16S rRNA sequences) of a specimen collected retail garden center northern California. We provide some background information biology ecology slug discuss pest status species.

Descriptions of three known species Cynura , i.e. C. cerambus klunderi and papillata are given, including SEM micrographs a tabular compendium for all the genus. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. Bayesian analyses small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequences support position nested among Plectidae suggesting secondary simplification in morphology pharyngeal valvular apparatus ‘return’ terrestrial to marine environment this

A new species of Alloionema Schneider, 1859, A. similis n. sp., and the known appendiculatum 1859 were isolated from cadavers invasive slugs in California. Both are described based on morphology, morphometrics molecular data. sp. is morphologically very similar to but can be distinguished by a more posterior position excretory pore Kleinform females longer tail males. Substantial differences between two are, however, found both 18S 28S rDNA sequences. Sequence analysis revealed unambiguous...

Three species of Phasmarhabditis were recovered from 75 nurseries and garden centers in 28 counties California during fall winter 2012–2021. A total 18 mollusk recovered, most them invasive. Nematodes identified by sequencing the D2-D3 expansion segments large subunit (LSU or 28S) rRNA. Based on these surveys, P. californica was widespread (37 isolates, 53.6% recovery); followed hermaphrodita (26 isolates; 37.7% papillosa a closely related isolate (6 8.7% recovery). Nematode isolates mainly...

The grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum, is an agricultural pest causing damage to a wide variety of crops each year. nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita has been shown effectively kill this slug in field-simulated conditions, leading its widespread use as biological control agent Europe. However, recently discovered isolates from California have not tested environment. lethality three local (P. hermaphrodita, P. californica, & papillosa) well the molluscicide Sluggo Plus® was...