A5053562358- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Travel-related health issues
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Cultural Competency in Health Care
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
University of North Dakota
2023
World Health Organization
2010-2016
The Centers
2004-2016
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
2013
Malaria Consortium
2013
World Health Organization - Pakistan
2011
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2003-2010
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
2003-2010
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2010
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2008-2009
In sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria are among the leading causes of morbidity during pregnancy. We reviewed available information collected since first report 15 years ago that HIV impaired ability pregnant women to control parasitemia. Results from 11 studies showed HIV-infected experienced consistently more peripheral placental (summary relative risk = 1.58 1.66, respectively), higher parasite densities, febrile illnesses, severe anemia, adverse birth...
Since the 1970s, when Chinese researchers demonstrated artemisinins' antimalarial potency, artemisinin-based combination therapy has become key to malaria control. But reduced susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin is now being seen in some places.
Persistent diarrhea (PD; duration ⩾14 days) is a growing part of the global burden diarrheal diseases. A 45-month prospective cohort study (with illness, nutritional, and microbiologic surveillance) was conducted in shantytown northeastern Brazil, to elucidate epidemiology, nutritional impact, causes PD early childhood (0–3 years age). nested case-control design used examine children's status before after first illness. illnesses accounted for 8% episodes 34% days diarrhea. First were...
Data on the relationship between two genotypes of Giardia duodenalis that infect humans, assemblages A and B, their clinical presentation intestinal inflammation are limited. We analyzed 108 stool samples previously collected for a diarrhoeal study among Brazilian children, representing 71 infections in 47 children. Assemblage B was most prevalent, accounting 43/58 (74.1%) infections, while assemblage accounted 9/58 (15.5%) 6/58 (10.3%) were mixed (contained both B). There no significant...
Summary Objectives In December 2005 and March 2006, Niger conducted nationwide integrated campaigns to distribute polio vaccine long lasting insecticide‐treated nets (LLINs) children <5 years of age. We evaluated the campaign effectiveness, net retention, (ITN) ownership, usage. Methods Two cross‐sectional surveys in January 2006 (dry season) September (rainy season), using a stratified two‐stage cluster sampling design. mapped selected communities, households by simple random sampling,...
BackgroundRapid declines in malaria prevalence, cases, and deaths have been achieved globally during the past 15 years because of improved access to first-line treatment vector control. We aimed assess intervention coverage needed achieve further gains over next years.MethodsWe used a mathematical model transmission Plasmodium falciparum explore potential effect on case incidence mortality rates from 2015 2030 five different scenarios: remaining at levels 2011–13 (Sustain), for which...
To control malaria, the Rwandan government and its partners distributed insecticide-treated nets (ITN) made artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) widely available from 2005 onwards. The impact of these interventions on malaria cases, admissions deaths was assessed using data district hospitals household surveys.District records ITN ACT distribution were reviewed. Malaria non-malaria indictors in 30 ascertained surveillance records. Trends for 2000 to 2010 by segmented log-linear...
A prospective, 4-year cohort study of children born in an urban slum northeastern Brazil was undertaken to elucidate the epidemiology Cryptosporidium infection endemic setting, describe factors associated with Cryptosporidium-associated persistent diarrhea, and clarify importance copathogens symptomatic cryptosporidiosis. total 1476 episodes accounting for 7581 days illness (5.25 episodes/child-year), were recorded: these, 102 (6.9%) persistent. oocysts identified 7.4% all stools, they found...
Malaria during pregnancy contributes to maternal anemia and low birth weight. In East Africa, several studies have demonstrated that intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is more efficacious than weekly chloroquine (CQ) chemoprophylaxis in preventing these adverse consequences. To our knowledge, there are no published trials evaluating IPT West Africa.We undertook a randomized controlled trial of CQ chemoprophylaxis, 2-dose CQ, SP; 1163 women were...
Cryptosporidium is an important cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide, but little known about the course illness when infected with different species. Over a period 5 years, was identified in stools 58 157 children prospectively followed from birth urban slum (favela) northeast Brazil. Forty isolates were available for quantification and 42 speciation (24 hominis 18 C. parvum). Children shed significantly more oocysts/ml stool (3.5 x 10(6) vs. 1.7 10(6)perml; P=0.001), oocyst counts higher...
Objective: To examine the transmission of Cryptosporidium infection in households with an identified person cryptosporidiosis. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: An urban slum Fortaleza, Brazil. Participants: Thirty-one a child less than 3 years age (index case) who was positive for parvum using acid-fast and auramine-stained stool smears. Measurements: Three samples (at 0, 2, 6 weeks after identification index two serum (0 weeks) were collected from each family member case...
Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight. An additional consequence may be increased risk of malaria in early life, although the epidemiological evidence this limited.A cohort 527 children were observed actively every month for 30 months after delivery. Offspring mothers microscopically detectable placental P. at time delivery defined as exposed. The outcome measure was (parasitemia fever). Analyses...
Experiments to grow Tetraselmis chuii (a marine alga) and Daphnia magna in the presence of inorganic arsenate are described. The algae incorporate arsenic rather efficiently form a lipid-soluble organic compound. T. has been successfully mass cultured medium containing 10 ppm as arsenate. was 74As-labeled H3AsO4 1 Na2HAsO4 expressed arsenic. metabolites were extracted with chloroform-methanol solution isolated by using column thin-layer chromatography. TLC analysis revealed 74As-containing...
Context. A tetravalent vaccine against rotavirus, the most commonly identified etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis (GE), has recently been licensed for use in United States. Objective. To evaluate whether specific groups infants might be at sufficiently high risk to warrant a focused rotavirus policy, we investigated perinatal factors hospitalization with GE and first year life. Design. Population-based, case–control study. Setting. Washington State linked birth certificate hospital...
To evaluate the impact of Cryptosporidium infection on diarrheal disease burden and nutrition status, a nested case-control study was done among children who were followed from birth in Fortaleza, Brazil. The diarrhea history growth records 43 with symptomatic episode cryptosporidiosis (case-children) compared those age-matched controls no cryptosporidiosis. After infection, case-children ⩽1 year old experienced an excessive protracted (nearly 2 years) burden. Case-children prior to their...
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia infection, investigate factors which might be associated with clinical manifestations and recurrence, examine role copathogens in disease course. METHODS Prospective 4‐year cohort study children born an urban slum north‐eastern Brazil. RESULTS Of 157 followed for ≥ 3 months, 43 (27.4%) were infected . The organism was identified 8.8% all stool specimens, although found similar frequency non‐diarrhoeal (7.4%) diarrhoeal stools (9.7%),...
Abstract To determine whether maternal placental malaria is associated with an increased risk for perinatal mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT), we studied HIV-positive women in western Kenya. We enrolled 512 mother-infant pairs; 128 (25.0%) had malaria, and 102 (19.9%) infants acquired perinatally. Log10 viral load episiotomy or perineal tear were transmission, whereas low-density (<10,000 parasites/μL) was reduced (adjusted relative [ARR] 0.4). Among dually infected HIV, high-density...