The allele frequency spectrum (AFS) consists of counts the number single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci with derived variants present at each given in a sample. Multiple approaches have recently been developed for parameter estimation and calculation model likelihoods based on joint AFS from two or more populations. We conducted simulation study one these approaches, implemented Python module δaδi, to compare selection accuracy different sample sizes under one- two-population models. Our...

Estimates of effective population size are critical for species conservation concern. Genetic datasets can be used to provide robust estimates this important parameter. However, the methods obtain these assume that generations discrete. We simulated data assess influences overlapping on provided by linkage disequilibrium (LD) method. Our simulations focus two factors: degree reproductive skew exhibited focal and generation time, without considering sample or level polymorphism at marker...

Abstract Background Detecting species at low abundance, including aquatic invasive (AIS), is critical for making informed management decisions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have become a powerful tool rare or cryptic detection; however, many eDNA assays offer limited utility community‐level analyses due to their use of species‐specific (presence/absence) ‘barcodes’. Metabarcoding provide information on entire communities based sequencing all taxon‐specific barcodes within an sample. Aims...

Rapidly developing sequencing technologies and declining costs have made it possible to collect genome-scale data from population-level samples in nonmodel systems. Inferential tools for historical demography given these sets are, at present, underdeveloped. In particular, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) has yet be widely embraced by researchers generating data. Here, we demonstrate the promise of ABC analysis large that are now attainable taxa through current genomic technologies. We...

Understanding population structure and areas of demographic persistence transients is critical for effective species management. However, direct observational evidence to address the geographic scale delineation ephemeral or persistent populations many marine fishes limited. The Lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) can be commonly found in three western Atlantic zoogeographic provinces, though inhabitants temperate northern Virginia Province are often considered tropical vagrants that only...

Ocean circulation driving macro-algal rafting is believed to serve as an important mode of dispersal for many marine organisms, leading predictions on population-level genetic connectivity and the directionality effective dispersal. Here, we use genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data investigate whether gene flow in two seahorses ( Hippocampus ) three pipefishes Syngnathus follows predominant ocean patterns Gulf Mexico northwestern Atlantic. In addition, explore magnitudes are...

Abstract Aim Our goal was to use eDNA metabarcoding characterize fish community diversity, detect aquatic invasive species (AIS) and assess how measures of (or AIS) diversity are influenced by lake physical environmental covariates, hydrological connectivity human accessibility. Location Michigan, USA. Methods samples collected from 22 lakes were sequenced using two mitochondrial gene regions (12S 16S rRNA). Metabarcoding data compared traditional fisheries survey for a subset lakes, all...

The renewed interest in ACL repair over the last two decades stems from advances modern arthroscopic techniques and clinical studies that have provided evidence can reliably heal, patients return to sport (RTS) at a comparable rate reconstruction (ACLR) patients. ability maintain utilize native tissue, with proprioceptive capabilities, smaller drill tunnels needed an leads overall less invasive procedure improved early rehabilitation. Additionally, avoids variety of comorbidities associated...

Climate change poses a threat to biodiversity, and it is unclear whether species can adapt or tolerate new conditions, migrate areas with suitable habitats. Reconstructions of range shifts that occurred in response environmental changes since the last glacial maximum (LGM) from distribution models (SDMs) provide useful data inform conservation efforts. However, different SDM algorithms climate reconstructions often produce contrasting patterns, validation methods typically focus on accuracy...

ABSTRACT Many species of reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) rely on wetlands that are being degraded lost at a high rate. Characterization herpetofauna diversity in different wetland types may help guide conservation strategies. However, traditional survey methods often involve sampling within small temporal windows, the gear deployed be taxonomically biased, thus, they fail to accurately characterize presence/absence diversity. In contrast, environmental (e)DNA metabarcoding has been...

The conversion of the normal cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into protease-resistant, scrapie PrP(Sc) aggregate is cause diseases. We developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that specific for PrP by screening 30 anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) their ability to react with recombinant mouse, ovine, bovine, or human dimers. One MAb reacts all four dimers also aggregates in ME7-, 139A-, 22L-infected mouse brains. proteinase K resistant, has mass 2,000 kDa more, and...

As marine environments change, the greatest ecological shifts—including resource usage and species interactions—are likely to take place in or near regions of biogeographic phylogeographic transition. However, our understanding where these transitional exist depends on defining criteria. Here we evaluate transitions using a bootstrapping procedure that allows us focus either strongest genetic between pair contiguous populations, versus evaluation inclusive entire overlap two intraspecific...

The Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EABH) has the highest concentration of in tropical Africa, yet few studies have investigated recent historical diversification processes EABH lineages. Herein, we analyze restriction-site associated DNA-sequences (RAD-Seq) to study co-distributed mouse (Hylomyscus) and shrew (Sylvisorex) species complexes, with an aim better determine how paleoenvironmental might contributed EABH's high diversity. We analyzed complete SNP matrices > 50,000 RAD...

A primary focus of historical biogeography is to understand changes in species ranges, abundance and genetic connectivity, community composition. Traditionally, biogeographic inference has relied on distinct lines evidence, including DNA sequences, fossils hindcasted ecological niche models. In this review we propose that the development integrative modeling approaches leverage multiple data types from diverse disciplines potential revolutionize field biogeography. Although each type...

Pleurocerid snails are a common element of the benthos in rivers and streams throughout Appalachian highlands from Virginia to Georgia on both sides continental divide. Yet their dispersal capabilities so limited today that significant gene frequency differences have been demonstrated over scale meters. We obtained mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) sequence data 3 individual sampled each 13 populations pleurocerids representing species—Leptoxis carinata (4 populations),...

Abstract The frequency of salt marsh dieback events has increased over the last 25 years with unknown consequences to resilience ecosystem accelerated sea level rise (SLR). Salt ecosystems impacted by sudden vegetation were previously thought recover naturally within a few months years. In this study, we used 13‐year collection remotely sensed imagery provide evidence that approximately 14% total area not revegetated 10 after event in Charleston, SC. Dieback onset coincided severe drought...

Children with cerebral palsy need highly specialized care. This can be very burdensome for families, particularly in large rural states, due to the long-distance travel appointments. In this study, children undergoing selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening surgery utilized a telephone-based telemedicine evaluation assess surgical eligibility. The goal was avoid separate preoperative clinic visit weeks before surgery. If possible, eligibility determined by telephone, and then, patient...

Recent growth in the business of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) both US and abroad has improved their overall capability, resulting a reduction cost, greater reliability adoption into areas where they had previously not been considered. Uses coastal border patrol, forestry agriculture have recently evaluated an effort to expand observed area reduce surveillance reconnaissance costs for information gathering. The scientific community contributed benefited greatly this development. A larger...

When psychologists need to see patients who have been admitted a general medical hospital or are asked patient in hospital, they must be aware of, and compliance with, the rules governing consultation, privileging, privacy. Psychological treatment for is an important part of with conditions that may exacerbated by psychosocial stressors, preexisting anxiety, depressive symptoms. The role psychologist integrated team work effectively managing these Models promoting psychological services all...