A5077648055- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Conferences and Exhibitions Management
- scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Fungal Biology and Applications
- Botanical Research and Applications
- Archaeology and Historical Studies
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Deakin University
2015-2024
Google (United States)
2020-2021
The University of Melbourne
2002-2020
Newcastle University
2011
James Cook University
2004-2008
University of Cambridge
1999-2005
We examined the publication records of a cohort 168 life scientists in field ecology and evolutionary biology to assess gender differences research performance. Clear discrepancies rate between men women appear very early their careers this has consequences for subsequent citation work. show that recently proposed index designed rank fairly is fact strongly biased against female researchers, advocate modified on more equitable basis.
Allen's rule proposes that the appendages of endotherms are smaller, relative to body size, in colder climates, order reduce heat loss. Empirical support for is mainly derived from occasional reports geographical clines extremity size individual species. Interspecific evidence restricted two studies leg proportions seabirds and shorebirds. We used phylogenetic comparative analyses 214 bird species examine whether bills, significant sites exchange, conform rule. The comprised eight diverse...
Recent developments in ecological statistics have reached behavioral ecology, and an increasing number of studies now apply analytical tools that incorporate alternatives to the conventional null hypothesis testing based on significance levels. However, these approaches continue receive mixed support our field. Because statistical choices can influence research design interpretation data, there is a compelling case for reaching consensus philosophy practice. Here, we provide brief overview...
During evolution, plants and other organisms have developed a diversity of chemical defences, leading to the evolution various groups specialized metabolites selected for their endogenous biological function. A correlation between phylogeny biosynthetic pathways could offer predictive approach enabling more efficient selection development traditional medicine lead discovery. However, this relationship has rarely been rigorously tested potential power is consequently unknown. We produced...
Aloe vera supports a substantial global trade yet its wild origins, and explanations for popularity over 500 related species in one of the world’s largest succulent groups, have remained uncertain. We developed an explicit phylogenetic framework to explore links between rich traditions medicinal use leaf succulence aloes. The hypothesis clarifies origins Arabian Peninsula at northernmost limits range genus originated southern Africa ~16 million years ago underwent two major radiations driven...
<h3>Importance</h3> Expert-level artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for prostate biopsy grading have recently been developed. However, the potential impact of integrating such into pathologist workflows remains largely unexplored. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate an expert-level AI-based assistive tool when used by pathologists biopsies. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This diagnostic study a fully crossed multiple-reader, multiple-case design to grading. Retrospective core...
Bergmann's and Allen's rules state that endotherms should be larger have shorter appendages in cooler climates. However, the drivers of these are not clear. Both could explained by adaptation for improved thermoregulation, including plastic responses to temperature early life. Non-thermal explanations also plausible as climate impacts other factors influence size shape, starvation risk, predation foraging ecology. We assess potential 30 shorebird species using extensive field data (>200,000...
Abstract Animals tend to decrease in body size (Bergmann’s rule) and elongate appendages (Allen’s warm climates. However, it is unknown whether these patterns depend on each other or constitute independent responses the thermal environment. Here, based a global phylogenetic comparative analysis across 99.7% of world’s bird species, we show that way which relative length unfeathered co-varies with temperature depends vice versa. First, larger body, greater increase beak temperature. Second,...
Sex and aggregation pheromones consist of species-specific blends chemicals. The way in which different species' have evolved has been the subject some debate. Theoretical predictions suggest that differences between species arisen not through accruing small changes, but major shifts chemical composition. Using data on 34 bark beetle from two genera, Dendroctonus Ips, we investigated how distributions components their pheromone mirror phylogenetic relationships. We tested whether there were...
Many species have elaborate and complex coloration patterning, which often differ between the sexes. Sexual selection may increase size or intensity of color patches (elaboration) in one sex drive evolution novel signal elements (innovation). The latter potentially increases pattern complexity. Color complexity also be influenced by ecological factors related to predation environment; however, very few studies investigated effects both sexual natural on across species. We used a phylogenetic...
Abstract The cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of ants provide important cues for nest-mate and caste recognition. There is enormous diversity in the composition these CHCs, but manner which this has evolved poorly understood. We gathered data on CHC profiles 56 ant species, relating information to their phylogeny. deduced mode evolution by reconstructing character then number changes components along each branch phylogeny length branch. was a strong correlation between component changes, with...
Women continue to be under-represented in the sciences, with their representation declining at each progressive academic level. These differences persist despite long-running policies ameliorate gender inequity. We compared exposure and visibility an evolutionary biology conference for attendees two different levels: student post-PhD academic. Despite there being almost exactly a 1:1 ratio of women men attending conference, we found that when considering only those who presented talks, spoke...
Summary Disturbances, or stressors, are pervasive in nature and profoundly influence fitness of individuals and, ultimately, species extinction risk. Glucocorticoid ( GC ) hormones affect multiple physiological behavioural traits regulating the responses vertebrates to stressors. Current understanding what influences stress response variation among is poor. However, identifying environmental causes species‐level important macroevolutionary patterns this key system potentially offers a metric...
Although females rarely experience strong mate limitation, delays or lifelong problems of acquisition are detrimental to female fitness. In systems where males search for via pheromone plumes, it is often difficult assess whether signaling costly. Direct costs include the energetics production and attention from unwanted eavesdroppers, such as parasites, parasitoids, predators. Suboptimal outcomes also possible too many few mating events near-simultaneous arrival who make attempts (even if...
Abstract Aim Allen's rule posits that the appendages of endothermic organisms will be larger in warmer climates to allow for dumping heat loads. Given a link between appendage size and climate, we tested prediction climate change has driven evolution bills birds, resulting measurable changes over recent past. Location Australia. Methods We explored geographical temporal variation bill surface area five Australian parrot species determine whether individuals from have bills, there been...
Abstract Advances in human technology can lead to widespread and rapid increases interactions between wildlife potentially disturbing stimuli. The recreational use of drones is increasing, yet laws codes practice which aim manage deleterious impacts (e.g. negative with wildlife) are reactionary, unscientific inadequate. One prominent potential effect interacting birds disturbance; the disruption normal states caused by responses such as escape. We measure avian escape an approaching drone (...
Abstract The males of some species moths possess elaborate feathery antennae. It is widely assumed that these striking morphological features have evolved through selection for with greater sensitivity to the female sex pheromone, which typically released in minute quantities. Accordingly, females (i.e., pectinate, bipectinate, or quadripectinate) antennae should produce smallest quantities pheromone. Alternatively, antennal morphology may be associated chemical properties pheromone...
Gleason grading of prostate cancer is an important prognostic factor, but suffers from poor reproducibility, particularly among non-subspecialist pathologists. Although artificial intelligence (A.I.) tools have demonstrated on-par with expert pathologists, it remains open question whether and to what extent A.I. translates better prognostication.In this study, we developed a system predict cancer-specific mortality via A.I.-based subsequently evaluated its ability risk-stratify patients on...