We studied the memorability of free-form gesture sets for invoking actions. compared three types sets: user-defined sets, designed by authors, and random in studies with 33 participants total. found that gestures are easier to remember, both immediately after creation on next day (up a 24% difference recall rate pre-designed gestures). also discovered differences between mostly due association errors (rather than form errors), prefer they think take less time learn. Finally, we contribute...

Tag clouds are a popular method for visualizing and linking socially-organized information on websites. represent variables of interest (such as popularity) in the visual appearance keywords themselves - using text properties such font size, weight, or colour. Although tag becoming common, there is still little about which features tags draw attention viewers. As attempt to wider range with properties, it becomes difficult predict what will appear visually important viewer. To investigate...

We present the design and implementation of iVoLVER, a tool that allows users to create visualizations without textual programming. iVoLVER is designed enable flexible acquisition many types data (text, colors, shapes, quantities, dates) from multiple source (bitmap charts, webpages, photographs, SVGs, CSV files) and, within same canvas, supports transformation through simple widgets construct interactive animated visuals. Aside tool, which web-based for pen touch, we contribute visual...

Ray-pointing techniques are often advocated as a way for people to interact with very large displays from several meters away. We interested in two factors that can affect ray pointing: the particular technique's control type, and parallax. Consequently, we tested four pointing variants on wall display covers part of user's field view. Tasks included horizontal vertical targeting, tracing. Our results show (a) based 'rotational control' perform better targeting tasks, (b) low parallax...

Diagrams often appear as node-link representations in contexts such taxonomies, mind maps and networks textbooks. Despite their pervasiveness, they present accessibility challenges for blind low-vision people. To address this challenge, we introduce Touch-and-Audio-based Diagram Access (TADA), a tablet-based interactive system that makes diagram exploration accessible through musical tones speech. We designed TADA informed by an interview study with 15 participants who shared strategies...

Recent advances in multi-user collaboration have seen a proliferation of interaction techniques for moving digital objects from one device to another. However, little is known about how these work realistic situations, or they compare We conducted study the efficiency six tablet tabletop display. compared four different distance ranges and with three movement directions. found that like Radar View Pick-and-Drop, control-to-display ratio 1, are significantly faster object than smaller ratios....

Multi-display environments compose displays that can be at different locations from and angles to the user; as a result, it become very difficult manage windows, read text, manipulate objects. We investigate idea of perspective way solve these problems in multi-display environments. first identify basic display control factors are affected by perspective, such visibility, fracture, sharing. then present design implementation E-conic, multi-user environment uses location data about users...

The interaction techniques that are used in tabletop groupware systems (such as pick-and-drop or pantograph) can affect the way people collaborate. However, little is known about these effects, making it difficult for designers to choose appropriate when building groupware. We carried out an exploratory study determine how several different types of (pantograph, telepointers, radar views, drag-and-drop, and laser beam) affected coordination awareness two tasks (a game a storyboarding...

In everyday life, our interactions with objects on real tables include how fingertips feel those objects. comparison, current digital interactive present a uniform touch surface that feels the same, regardless of what it presents visually. this paper, we explore tactile interaction can be used tabletop surfaces. We simple and inexpensive device -- Haptic Tabletop Puck incorporates dynamic, haptics into interaction. created several applications feedback in area haptic information...

Blur in images can create the sensation of depth because it emulates an optical property eye; namely, limited field created by eye's lens. When human eye looks at object, this object appears sharp on retina, but objects different distances appear blurred. Advances gaze-tracking technologies enable us to reproduce dynamic regular displays, providing alternative way conveying depth. In paper we investigate gaze-contingent as a method produce realistic 3D images, and analyze how effectively...

Attaching a large external display can help mobile device user view more content at once. This paper reports on study investigating how different configurations of input and output across displays affect performance, subjective workload preferences in map, text photo search tasks. Experimental results show that hybrid configuration where visual is distributed worst or equivalent to all A device-controlled performs best the map task equal tasks (tied with mobile-only configuration). After...

The emergence of tools that support fast-and-easy visualization creation by non-experts has made the benefits InfoVis widely accessible. Key features these include attribute-level operations, automated mappings, and templates. However, shield people from lower-level design steps, such as specific mapping data points to visuals. In contrast, recent research promotes constructive where individual units visuals are directly manipulated. We present a qualitative study comparing people's...

Multi-display environments and smart meeting rooms are now becoming more common. These build a shared display space from variety of devices: tablets, projected surfaces, tabletops, traditional monitors. Since the different surfaces usually not organized in single plane, schemes for stitching displays together can cause problems interaction. However, there is natural way to compose -- using perspective. In this paper, we develop interaction techniques multi-display that based on user's...

ABSTRACT Multi-display environments (MDEs) are now becoming common, and more complex, with displays types of display in the environment. One crucial requirement specific to MDEs is that users must be able move objects from one another; this cross-display movement a frequent fundamental part interaction any application spans two or surfaces. Although many techniques exist, differences between MDEs—the number, location, mixed orientation displays, characteristics task they being designed...

Interactive node-link diagrams are useful for describing and exploring data relationships in many domains such as network analysis transportation planning. We describe a multi-touch interaction technique set (IT set) that focuses on edge interactions diagrams. The includes five techniques (TouchPlucking, TouchPinning, TouchStrumming, TouchBundling PushLens) provides the flexibility to combine them either sequential or simultaneous actions order address congestion.

Rotations performed with the index finger and thumb involve some of most complex motor action among common multi-touch gestures, yet little is known about factors affecting performance ergonomics. This note presents results from a study where angle, direction, diameter, position rotations were systematically manipulated. Subjects asked to perform as quickly possible without losing contact display, allowed skip that too uncomfortable. The data show surprising interaction effects variables,...

A transmogrifier is a novel interface that enables quick, on-the-fly graphic transformations. region of can be specified by shape and transformed into destination with real-time, visual feedback. Both origin shapes circles, quadrilaterals or arbitrary defined through touch. Transmogrifiers are flexible, fast simple to create invite use in casual InfoVis scenarios, opening the door alternative ways exploring displaying existing visualizations (e.g., rectifying routes rivers maps), enabling...

Multi-display User Interfaces (MDUIs) enable people to take advantage of the different characteristics display categories. For example, combining mobile and large displays within same system enables users interact with user interface elements locally while simultaneously having a space show data. Although there is potential gain in performance comfort, at least one main drawback that can override benefits MDUIs: visual physical separation between requires perform attention switches displays....

Multi-touch gestures are prevalent interaction techniques for many different types of devices and applications. One the most common is pinch gesture, which involves expansion or contraction a finger spread. There multiple uses this gesture--zooming scaling being common--but little known about factors affecting performance ergonomics gesture motion itself. In note, we present results from study where manipulated angle, direction, distance, position two-finger gestures. The provides insight...

In tabletop work with direct input, people avoid crossing each others' arms. This natural touch avoidance has important consequences for coordination: example, rarely grab the same item simultaneously, and negotiate access to workspace via turn-taking. At digital tables, however, some situations require use of indirect input (e.g., large tables or remote participants), in these cases, are often represented virtual arm embodiments. There is little information about what happens coordination...

In this paper we explore numeric typeface design for visualization purposes. We introduce FatFonts, a technique visualizing quantitative data that bridges the gap between and visual representations. FatFonts are based on Arabic numerals but, unlike regular typefaces, amount of ink (dark pixels) used each digit is proportional to its value. This enables accurate reading numerical while preserving an overall context. discuss challenges approach identified through our process propose set goals...