Using 6 longitudinal data sets, the authors estimate links between three key elements of school readiness--school-entry academic, attention, and socioemotional skills--and later reading math achievement. In an effort to isolate effects these school-entry skills, ensured that most their regression models control for cognitive, skills measured prior entry, as well a host family background measures. Across all studies, strongest predictors achievement are math, reading, attention skills. A...

Although hundreds of studies have documented the association between family poverty and children's health, achievement, behavior, few measure effects timing, depth, duration on children, many fail to adjust for other characteristics (for example, female headship, mother's age, schooling) that may account much observed correlation child outcomes. This article focuses a recent set explore relationship outcomes in depth. By large, this research supports conclusion income has selective but, some...

The effects of neighborhood characteristics on the development children and adolescents are estimated, using two data sets, each which contains information gathered about individual families neighborhoods in they reside. There reasonalby powerful effects-particularly presence affluent neighbors-on Childhood IQ, teenage births, school-leaving, even after differences socioeconomic adjusted for. study finds that white teenagers benefit more from neighbors than do black teenagers.

This pioneering volume casts a stark light on the ways rising inequality may now be compromising schools’ functioning, and with it promise of equal opportunity in America.

This study examines the impact of level income and timing economic deprivation in childhood on completed schooling US. Data were obtained from Panel Study Income Dynamics among a sample 1323 children born during 1967 1973 328 sibling pairs. The average increased across childhood. at ages 11-15 years was about 40% higher than 0-5 years. Only 39% with family incomes below $15000 early had that low adolescence. Almost 50% siblings 15-year differed by over $5000. Multivariate analysis reveals...

The question of whether neighborhood environment contributes directly to the development obesity and diabetes remains unresolved. study reported on here uses data from a social experiment assess association randomly assigned variation in conditions with diabetes.

Our review of research suggests that family poverty has selective effects on child development. Most important for policy are indications deep or persistent early in childhood affects adversely the ability and achievement children. Although 1996 welfare reforms have spurred many welfare‐to‐work transitions, their time limits and, especially, sanctions likely to deepen among some families. We suggest ways policies might be aimed at preventing either economic deprivation itself its effects.

This article assesses the consequences of poverty between a child’s prenatal year and 5th birthday for several adult achievement, health, behavior outcomes, measured as late age 37. Using data from Panel Study Income Dynamics (1,589) controlling economic conditions in middle childhood adolescence, well demographic at time birth, findings indicate statistically significant and, some cases, quantitatively large detrimental effects early on number attainment‐related outcomes (adult earnings...

Neighborhood Poverty: Context and Consequences for Children, Volume I, Policy Implications in Studying Neighborhoods, II. Jeanne BrooksGunn, Greg J. Duncan, & Lawrence Aber (Eds.). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1997. 334 pp. 238 ISBNs 0-8154-145-9 0-87154-146-7. $49.95 $39.95 cloth. This two-volume study of the effects poor urban neighborhoods on families makes a stimulating contribution to related theory, research, public policies, programs. Its emphasis human development an ecological...

Identifying the types of mathematics content knowledge that are most predictive students’ long-term learning is essential for improving both theories mathematical development and education. To identify these knowledge, we examined predictors high school algebra overall achievement. Analyses large, nationally representative, longitudinal data sets from United States Kingdom revealed elementary fractions division uniquely predicts those achievement in school, 5 or 6 years later, even after...

Objectives. In this study we examined the relationship between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality for a representative sample individuals. Methods. The included 3734 individuals aged 45 older interviewed in 1984 Panel Study Income Dynamics. current study, was tracked 1994 is related to SES education, occupation, income, wealth. Results. Wealth recent family income were that most strongly associated with subsequent mortality. These associations persisted after controlled...

We summarize the available evidence on extent to which expenditures early childhood education programs constitute worthy social investments in human capital of children. provide an overview existing programs, and then results from a substantial body methodologically sound evaluations impacts education. The supports few unqualified conclusions. Many appear boost cognitive ability school achievement short run. However, most them show smaller than those generated by best-known their largely...

Nearly 9 million Americans live in extreme-poverty neighborhoods, places that also tend to be racially segregated and dangerous. Yet, the effects on well-being of residents moving out such communities into less distressed areas remain uncertain. Using data from Moving Opportunity, a unique randomized housing mobility experiment, we found high-poverty lower-poverty neighborhood leads long-term (10- 15-year) improvements adult physical mental health subjective well-being, despite not affecting...

This paper uses data from a randomized housing-mobility experiment to study the effects of relocating families high- low-poverty neighborhoods on juvenile crime. Outcome measures come arrest records taken government administrative data. Our findings seem suggest that providing with opportunity move lower-poverty reduces violent criminal behavior by teens.

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study Early Care compared 3 statistical methods that adjust for family selection bias to test whether child care type quality relate cognitive academic skills. included: multiple regression models 54‐month outcomes, change differences in 24‐ residualized outcomes adjusting the 24‐month outcome. study was unable establish empirically which model best adjusted omitted‐variable bias. Nevertheless, results suggested predicted...

How neighborhoods affect families living in them has emerged as a key question understanding the causes and effects of urban poverty. Over last 20 years people with low incomes have become increasingly likely to live metropolitan areas high concentration low-income (Jargowsky & Bane, 1990; Jencks Peterson, 1991; Wacquant Wilson, 1989; 1987). This is particularly true for economically disadvantaged blacks Hispanics, Northeast Midwest 1990). Some ways which individuals been elucidated recent...

Abstract The rationale for the use of sample survey weights in a least squares regression analysis is examined with respect to four increasingly general specifications population model. appropriateness weighted estimate depends on which model chosen. A proposal made difference between and unweighted estimates as an aid choosing appropriate hence estimator. When applied familial environmental determinants educational level attained by young adults, methods lead revision initial additive...

Social scientists do not agree on the size and nature of causal impacts parental income children's achievement.We revisit this issue using a set welfare antipoverty experiments conducted in 1990s.We utilize an instrumental variables strategy to leverage variation achievement that arises from random assignment treatment group estimate effect child achievement.Our estimates suggest $1,000 increase annual increases young by 5%-6% standard deviation.As such, our results family has...

This article considers whether the disparate socioeconomic circumstances of families in which white, black, and Hispanic children grow up account for racial ethnic gaps school readiness among American preschoolers. It first reviews why family resources might matter children's readiness. The authors concentrate on four key components parent status that are particularly relevant well-being—income, education, structure, neighborhood conditions. They survey a range policies programs help to...

Many interventions targeting cognitive skills or socioemotional and behaviors demonstrate initially promising but then quickly disappearing impacts. Our article seeks to identify the key features of interventions, as well characteristics environments children adolescents who participate in them, that can be expected sustain persistently beneficial program We describe three such processes: skill-building, foot-in-the-door sustaining environments. argue skill-building should target “trifecta”...

We replicated and extended Shoda, Mischel, Peake’s (1990) famous marshmallow study, which showed strong bivariate correlations between a child’s ability to delay gratification just before entering school both adolescent achievement socioemotional behaviors. Concentrating on children whose mothers had not completed college, we found that an additional minute waited at age 4 predicted gain of approximately one tenth standard deviation in 15. But this correlation was only half the size those...