A5091525800- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Odor and Emission Control Technologies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Climate variability and models
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Environmental Policies and Emissions
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Light effects on plants
- Energy, Environment, Agriculture Analysis
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Combustion and flame dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
2015-2024
Wageningen University & Research
2021-2024
National Institute of Meteorology
2021-2022
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
2006-2011
Utrecht University
1999-2005
University of California, Los Angeles
2005
University of Wyoming
2005
University of British Columbia
2005
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2005
University of Washington
2005
Data from the undisturbed period of Rain in Cumulus over Ocean (RICO) field study are used to create a test case for large-eddy simulations shallow, precipitating, trade-wind cumulus.Measurements upon which based augmented by regional scale downscaling meteorological analyses so as provide forcing data consistent with measurements.Twelve simulations, wide range microphysical representations, compared each other, and independent measurements during RICO.The ensemble average plausibly...
Abstract Cloud water sedimentation and drizzle in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer are the focus of an intercomparison large-eddy simulations. The context is idealized case study nocturnal stratocumulus under dry inversion, with embedded pockets heavily drizzling open cellular convection. Results from 11 groups used. Two models resolve size distributions cloud particles, others parameterize drizzle. For ensemble simulations sedimentation, mean liquid path (LWP) remarkably steady...
Abstract Excess atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) leads to deleterious effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, air quality and health, it is therefore essential monitor its budget temporal evolution. Hyperspectral infrared satellite sounders provide daily NH observations at global scale for over a decade. Here we use the version of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) dataset derive global, regional national trends from 2008 2018. We find worldwide increase 12.8 ± 1.3 % this 11-year...
The second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study is described. program consisted nine flights in marine stratocumulus west-southwest San Diego, California. objective the was to better understand physics a n d dynamics stratocumulus. Toward this end special flight strategies, including predominantly nocturnal flights, were employed optimize estimates entrainment velocities at cloud-top, large-scale divergence within boundary layer, drizzle processes cloud,...
Data from recent field studies in the northeast and southeast Pacific are used to investigate pockets of open cells (POCs) that embedded otherwise uniform stratocumulus. The cellular structure within a POC resembles broader regions convection typically found further offshore. In both regions, composed precipitating cell walls interiors with depleted cloud water even clearing. POCs long lived stratocumulus where average droplet sizes relatively large. contrast, stratiform, or unbroken,...
Abstract In situ and radar data from the second field study of Dynamics Chemistry Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) have been used to drizzle in stratocumulus. Measurements indicate that is prevalent. During five seven analyzed flights precipitation was evident at surface, on roughly a third mean surface rates approached or exceeded 0.5 mm day−1. Additional analysis structure variability indicates macroscopic (flight averaged) cloud base scale with H3/N where H flight-averaged depth N droplet...
Abstract. A large shortcoming of current chemistry transport models (CTM) for simulating the fate ammonia in atmosphere is lack a description bi-directional surface–atmosphere exchange. In this paper, results an update exchange module DEPAC, i.e. DEPosition Acidifying Compounds, model LOTOS-EUROS are discussed. It shown that with new description, which includes exchange, modeled concentrations increase almost everywhere, particular agricultural source areas. The reason by using compensation...
Abstract Vegetation and atmosphere processes are coupled through a myriad of interactions linking plant transpiration, carbon dioxide assimilation, turbulent transport moisture, heat atmospheric constituents, aerosol formation, moist convection, precipitation. Advances in our understanding hampered by discipline barriers challenges the role small spatiotemporal scales. In this perspective, we propose to study atmosphere–ecosystem interaction as continuum integrating leaf regional scales...
Abstract Fast measurements of three scalars, ozone, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and total water, are used to investigate the entrainment process in stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) observed over eastern subtropical Pacific during second Dynamics Chemistry Marine Stratocumulus Experiment (DYCOMS-II). Direct measurement flux profiles by eddy covariance is estimate velocity, average rate at which grows diabatically via incorporation overlying free tropospheric air. The velocities course...
Abstract As part of the European Project on Cloud Systems in Climate Models, diurnal cycle stratocumulus has been simulated with Large‐Eddy Simulation (LES) models and Single Column Models (SCMs). The were initialized compared observations collected marine July 1987 during First International Satellite Climatology Regional Experiment. results six LES are found to be a fair agreement observations. They all capture distinct variation cloud liquid‐water path, turbulence profiles clearly show...
Deposition of reactive nitrogen causes detrimental environmental effects, including biodiversity loss, eutrophication, and soil acidification. Measuring modeling the biosphere-atmosphere exchange ammonia, most abundant reduced species, is complex due to its high reactivity solubility, often leading systematic discrepancies between model predictions observations. This study aims determine whether three state-of-the-art schemes for NH3 can accurately NH3 in a dune ecosystem detect...
Various runs were performed with a large eddy simulation (LES) model to evaluate different types of entrainment parametrizations. For this evaluation, three boundary layers simulated: clear convective layer (CBL), containing smoke concentration, and cloud-topped layer. It is shown that the assumption flux equals product rate jump over discontinuous inversion not valid in CBLs simulated by an LES model. A finite thickness (i.e., first-order model) needed define for which approximation valid....
This study investigates to what extent emissions of ammonia, physicochemical processes and meteorology affect the trend in atmospheric ammonia Netherlands between 1993 2014. Two distinct periods were distinguished: a period declining concentrations 2004 slightly increasing 2005 In first period, large emission reductions reported, while second is characterized by smaller reductions. The Operational Priority Substances (OPS) model was used quantify effects on concentrations. general...
Abstract The second research flight of the Second Dynamics and Chemistry Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study is analyzed. This case attracted attention because it combined presence high drizzle rates with occurrence clearings in cloud cover, which previous work has suggested could be due to a drizzle-induced change structure. Recent named configuration these open-cell-like features pocket open cells (POC). A division data, based on difference brightness temperature 11- 4-μm channels...
We present measurements of atmospheric concentrations ammonia and ammonium in the Netherlands over period 1993–2014 wet deposition for 1985–2014. The various time series have been obtained at 16 monitoring stations from Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network. are geographically homogenously spread equally distributed regions with relatively low, moderate high emission. During covered, changes occurred. To obtain consistent series, data revalidated or corrected when necessary,...
Abstract. Since 2005 the Measuring Ammonia in Nature (MAN) network monitors atmospheric ammonia concentrations nature reserve areas Netherlands (http://man.rivm.nl). The main aim of is to monitor national trends, assess regional deviations and validate model calculations. Measurements are performed with commercial passive samplers, calibrated monthly against measurements active sampling devices. by an extensive group local volunteers, which minimizes cost enables use knowledge. We show MAN...
We investigate diurnal variability of the atmospheric ammonia (NH3) budget over unfertilized grassland by combining observations with a conceptual boundary layer model. Our combined approach and modeling enables us to identify contribution four governing processes NH3 cycle: surface-atmosphere exchange, entrainment, advection chemical gas-aerosol transformations. The contain new flux molar fraction measurements obtained using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) remote sensing...
Abstract. Dry deposition of ammonia (NH3) is the largest contributor to nitrogen from atmosphere soil and vegetation in Netherlands, causing eutrophication loss biodiversity; however, data sets NH3 fluxes are sparse general have monthly resolution at best. An important reason for this that measurement flux under dry conditions notoriously difficult. There no technique can be considered as gold standard these measurements, which complicates testing new techniques. Here, we present results an...
Abstract Enteric fermentation and manure from livestock farming are major sources of methane (CH4) emissions have a large potential for reduction. However, there is lack effective methods evaluating future reduction efforts, especially at the farm scale. We developed rapid analysis method to evaluate CH4 number dairy cow farms in Netherlands based on single-transect mobile van measurements concentrations downwind located between 80 750 m road. Methane 51 were determined four campaign days...
Abstract. Deposition of reactive nitrogen causes detrimental environmental effects, including biodiversity loss, eutrophication, and soil acidification. Measuring modelling the biosphere–atmosphere exchange ammonia, most abundant reduced species, is complex due to its high reactivity solubility, often leading systematic discrepancies between model predictions observations. This study aims determine whether three state-of-the-art schemes for NH3 can accurately in a dune ecosystem (Solleveld)...
Abstract. The accurate representation of bidirectional ammonia (NH3) biosphere–atmosphere exchange is an important part modern air quality models. However, the cuticular (or external leaf surface) pathway, as well other non-stomatal ecosystem surfaces, still pose a major challenge to translating our knowledge into Dynamic mechanistic models including complex surface chemistry have been able accurately reproduce measured fluxes in past, but their computational expense and challenging...
Abstract. We present a comprehensive observational approach that aims to establish relationships between the surface–atmosphere exchange of ammonia (NH3) and CO2 uptake transpiration by vegetation. In doing so, we study useful for improvement development NH3 flux representations in models. The concentration are measured using novel open-path miniDOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) measurement setup, taken during 5-week Ruisdael Land–Atmosphere Interactions Intensive Trace-gas...
In 2018 is de totale uitstoot van broeikasgassen in Nederland met 2,7 procent gedaald ten opzichte 2017. Deze daling komt vooral doordat er minder kolen zijn gebruikt om elektriciteit te produceren. De naar lucht wordt uitgedrukt CO2-equivalenten en bedroeg 188,2 miljard kilogram. Het jaar 1990 geldt als referentiejaar (het zogeheten Kyoto-basisjaar) voor halen doelstellingen. 221,7 kilogram CO2-equivalenten. Ten het basisjaar 15,1 procent. CO2 alleen ligt 1,6 onder niveau basisjaar. andere...