Much has been written about the measurement of socio-economic position (SEP) in high-income countries (HIC). Less for an epidemiology, health systems and public audience SEP low- middle-income (LMIC). The social stratification processes many LMIC—and therefore appropriate tools—differ considerably from those HIC. Many measures have utilized epidemiological studies; aspects captured by these pathways through which they may affect are likely to be slightly different but overlapping. No single...

Time is a vital input into nutritional outcomes, as it necessary for the production, procurement and preparation of food, child feeding childcare. Thus, agricultural interventions may fail to improve outcomes if they do not take account time constraints, particularly rural women who spend considerable portion their in agriculture. Given potential trade-offs pertaining productive vs. reproductive activities its implications maternal nutrition, goal this review systematically map assess...

ABSTRACT The World Development Report 2015: Mind Society and Behaviour (World Bank, 2015), seeks a redesign of development policy on the basis insights emerging from behavioural economics. This article offers critical assessment across four dimensions. First, it situates within broader evolving knowledge role Bank. Second, locates in context evolution economics as discipline how this informs shaping Bank's Third, is critically assessed for its narrow take itself. Finally, practical...

Many recent arguments for land reform share a central proposition concerning the relative efficiency of small farm production. This article argues that theoretical reasoning underlying this is not coherent, and furthermore empirical support size–efficiency relationship in Africa astonishingly weak. Given evidence, continued focus on efficient, egalitarian family can only be ideologically driven. The poorest rural people are unlikely to benefit will probably harmed by policies based these...

Malaria control and sustainable development are linked, but implementation of 'multisectoral' intervention is restricted by a limited understanding the causal pathways between poverty malaria. We investigated relationships socioeconomic position (SEP), potential determinants SEP, malaria in Nagongera, rural Uganda.Socioeconomic information was collected for 318 children aged six months to 10 years living 100 households, who were followed up 36 months. Mosquito density recorded using monthly...

Drawing on four years of fieldwork in Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper addresses gaps knowledge about the mechanisms linking agricultural exports with poverty reduction, functioning rural labour markets, relevance to lives poorest people Fairtrade. Statistical analysis survey evidence, complemented by qualitative research, highlights relatively poor payment non-pay working conditions those employed research sites dominated Fairtrade producer organisations. We conclude that is not an effective...

Food markets have been found to be, in many settings, important shaping diets and nutritional outcomes. However, more evidence improved metrics are needed understand these relationships. We examined relationships between food market participation household dietary diversity populations of rural Malawi facing hunger poor nutrition. analysed, using Poisson regression, survey data from 400 households two districts post-harvest lean seasons 2017/18. also developed a new metric purchases support...

ABSTRACT TD-6424, a rapidly bactericidal agent with multiple mechanisms of action, is more potent in vitro and than currently available agents against methicillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . TD-6424 produces postantibiotic effect duration 4 to 6 h these organisms. The results suggest potential efficacy susceptible resistant strains S.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa is widely recognised as a development disaster threatening poverty reduction, economic growth and not merely health issue. Its mitigation includes the societal-wide adoption implementation of specific technologies, many which depend on functional institutions State.Donor International Institutions' strategies to mitigate are premised single optimal model State, one focuses decentralised delivery public goods alone (such healthcare) - service state....

Herbal medicine value chains have generally been overlooked compared with food commodities. Not surprisingly, revenue generation tends to be weighted towards the end of chain and consequently farmers producers are lowest paid beneficiaries. Value an impact both on livelihood composition quality products commonly sold locally globally consumers. In order understand products, we studied production conditions for turmeric (Curcuma longa) metabolomic derived from it. We aimed at integrating...

Background Concern about food security and its effect on persistent undernutrition has increased interest in how agriculture could be used to improve nutritional outcomes developing countries. Yet the evidence base for impact of agricultural interventions targeted at improved nutrition is currently poor. Objective To map extent nature current planned research order identify gaps where more might useful. Methods The research, which was conducted from April August 2012, involved a conceptual...

Measurement is increasingly at the centre of debates in African economic development. Some remarkable upward revisions GDP, which are signs statistical systems improving, caused declaration a tragedy Africa. This special issue evaluates database for development with articles on quality data health and education, poverty, labour, agriculture income distribution.

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The Fair Trade, Employment and Poverty Reduction (FTEPR) project investigated poverty dynamics in rural Ethiopia Uganda. When designing fieldwork to capture poor people often missing from standard surveys, several methodological challenges were identified and, response, four decisions made. First, FTEPR focused on wage workers rather than farmers improved questionnaires when collecting labour market information. Second, researchers adopted contrastive venue-based sampling. Third, sampling...

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is an important risk factor for malaria, but there no consensus on how to measure SEP in malaria studies. We evaluated the relative strength of four indicators predicting Nagongera, Uganda. A total 318 children resident 100 households were followed 36 months parasite prevalence routinely every 3 and incidence by passive case detection. Household was determined using: 1) two wealth indices, 2) income, 3) occupation, 4) education. Wealth Index I (reference)...

### Summary box Malnutrition in all its forms—both underweight and micronutrient deficiencies, as well overweight, obesity associated non-communicable disease—is a global health issue, with the majority of cases arising low-income middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Much this malnutrition, particularly shifts towards an increased prevalence overweight obesity, is driven by dietary changes described ‘nutrition transition’, whereby populations move from traditional diets high fibre...

Recent writing on migration in Southern Africa focuses the experiences and desires of migrants themselves. While it gives valuable insights, this article argues that can obscure role employers structuring opportunities. In case female from Lesotho working South African agriculture, farmer demand has clearly impacted spectrum both legal illegal employment opportunities available, with boundaries between appearing more porous than often imagined. The for foreign farm workers is complex cannot...

Click to increase image sizeClick decrease size AcknowledgementsThis paper is based on research funded by UKAID. All members of the team are listed at http://ftepr.org. However, it important emphasise that material cited in this pattern sales smallholder coffee and tea organisations was mainly collected Reta Hailu Sam Bbosa.Notes contributorsChristopher Cramer Professor Political Economy Development SOAS, London. He has worked sub-Saharan Africa for some 25 years. works development economics...

Drawing on examples from rural Ethiopia and Uganda, this research note highlights some of the difficulties experienced in fieldwork. These do not justify reluctance increasingly risk-averse universities funders to support independent fieldwork Africa, but they show that rationale for features its design can provoke animosity tensions. They also our own failure occasion appreciate local political dynamics made situation more difficult. Challenges threats came only forces multinational...