A5039217955- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- RNA regulation and disease
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Language Development and Disorders
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Higher Education Governance and Development
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
University of Edinburgh
1984-2025
Roslin Institute
2020-2025
North Carolina State University
2024
Royal Veterinary College
2023
Veterinary And Animal Husbandry Services
2023
National Institutes of Health
2010
University of Liverpool
2006
Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
1990
Abstract Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) poses a serious threat to both animal and human health 1–3 . Whilst the large RNA genome CoVs shows relatively low mutation rates, recombination within genera is frequently observed demonstrated 4–7 Companion animals are often overlooked in cycle viral diseases; however, close relationship feline (FCoV) canine CoV (CCoV) hCoV-229E 5,8 , as well their susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 9 highlight importance potential cycles. between CCoV...
Studies based on naturalistic data are a core tool in the field of language acquisition research and have provided thorough descriptions children's speech. However, these inevitably confounded by differences relative frequency with which children use words structures. The purpose present work was to investigate impact sampling constraints estimates productivity utterances, validity error rates. Comparisons were made between five different sized samples wh-question produced one child aged...
Mitochondrial compromise has been documented in infants born to women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) who received nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) therapy during pregnancy. To model these exposures, we examined mitochondrial integrity at birth and 1 year brain cortex liver from offspring of retroviral-free Erythrocebus patas dams-administered human-equivalent NRTI doses for last half (10 weeks) gestation. Additional infants, followed year, were given...
Studying the entire virus replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to identify host factors involved and treatments combat infection. Quantification released virions often requires lengthy procedures, whereas quantification viral RNA in supernatant faster applicable clinical isolates. Viral purification expensive terms time resources, unsuitable for high-throughput screening. Direct lysis protocols were explored patient swab samples, but lack inactivation, cost, sensitivity, accuracy...
Animal models that accurately reflect COVID-19 are vital for understanding mechanisms of disease and advancing development improved vaccines therapeutics. Pigs increasingly recognized as valuable human due to their genetic, anatomical, physiological, immunological similarities humans, they present a more ethically viable alternative non-human primates. However, pigs not susceptible SARS-CoV-2 infection which limits utility model. To address this, we have developed transgenic expressing ACE2...
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was defined by the emergence of new variants formed through virus mutation originating from random errors not corrected viral proofreading and/or host antiviral response introducing mutations into genome. While sequencing information hints at cellular RNA editing pathways playing a role in evolution, here, we use an vitro human cell infection model to assess types two strains representing original and alpha variants. showed both different responses patterns with...
An immunohistological study of four men whose perianal warts were undergoing spontaneous regression was undertaken, and the results compared with those obtained from non-regressing condylomata six men. CD4+ CD8+ cells noted in stroma each wart, but there no clear difference density infiltrate between regressing warts. Natural killer (CD16+ CD57+) only epidermis Possible immunological mechanisms acuminata are discussed.
investigations of host-virus interactions are reliant on suitable cell and tissue culture models. Results only as good the model they generated in. However, choosing models for
Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still adapting to its new human host. Attention has focussed on the viral spike protein, but substantial variation been seen in ORF8 gene. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 protein undergoes signal peptide-mediated processing through endoplasmic reticulum and secreted as a glycosylated, disulphide-linked dimer. The from prototype virus had no major effect viability of variety cell types, or IFN NF-κB signalling. However, it...
Abstract Background Infectious diseases of farmed and wild animals pose a recurrent threat to food security human health. The macrophage, key component the innate immune system, is first line defence against many infectious agents plays major role in shaping adaptive response. However, this phagocyte target host for pathogens. Understanding molecular basis interactions between macrophages pathogens therefore crucial development effective strategies combat important diseases. Results We...
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase method and a panel of monoclonal antibodies, anogenital warts removed from 86 individuals (28 heterosexual men, 47 homosexual men 11 women) were studied. A constant feature was the presence stromal infiltrate lymphocytes, in which CD4+ CD8+ cells appear ratio about 5:1. Cells expressing interleukin‐2 receptors found stroma, amounting to 10% CD3+ cells. Leu 6+ epidermal dendritic (Langerhans' cells) present each wart; their density morphology similar that...
Abstract A striking feature of severe COVID-19 is thrombosis in large as well small vessels multiple organs. This has led to the assumption that SARS-CoV-2 virus directly infects and damages vascular endothelium. However, endothelial expression ACE2, cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, not been convincingly demonstrated. Interrogating human bulk single-cell transcriptomic data, we found ACE2 cells be extremely low or absent vivo upregulated by exposure inflammatory agents vitro . Also,...
As condylomata acuminata often persist in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an immunohistological study of warts from men was undertaken to further knowledge about papillomavirus persistence this group. Using indirect immunoperoxidase method and a panel monoclonal antibodies, phenotypes cells were studied cryostat sections perianal or anal removed 14 HIV-infected (10 homosexual 4 heterosexual) 16 non-infected 6 heterosexual). Although median numbers CD1 + CD3...
Abstract Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) poses a serious threat to both animal and human health 1-3 . Whilst the large RNA genome CoVs shows relatively low mutation rates, recombination within genera is frequently observed demonstrated 4-7 Companion animals are often overlooked in cycle viral diseases; however, close relationship feline (FCoV) canine CoV (CCoV) hCoV-229E 5,8 , as well their susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 9 highlight importance potential cycles. between CCoV...
<title>Abstract</title> COVID-19 continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, with emerging strains rapidly spreading despite substantial immunity through vaccination previous exposure. Animal models that accurately reflect are vital for testing mechanisms of disease, enabling development improved vaccines therapeutics. We have developed human ACE2 transgenic pigs highly susceptible SARS-CoV-2 display clinical signs, disease progression, lung inflammation faithfully replicate...
In this protocol, we aim to sequence multiple bacterial isolates from 1 contaminated food sample. The goal is obtain long-read sequences for food-borne pathogens provide information regarding their virulence factors. We will use Oxford Nanopore Technologies devices, kits, and protocols prepare DNA libraries, our samples, analyze sequencing data.
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (S) utilizes a unique trimeric conformation to interact with the ACE2 receptor on host cells, making it prime target for inhibitors that block viral entry. We have previously identified novel proteinaceous cavity within protein homotrimer could serve as binding site small molecules. However, is not known whether these molecules would inhibit, stimulate, or no effect replication. To address this, we employed structural-based screening identify dock into...
The ambiguity in the title of recently published papers from a Symposium* allowed contributors to interpret innovation any or all three senses:‘during’, ‘despite’ ‘because of’ recession. Innovation so loosely defined may thus be quality and tempo customarily attributed it, more adaptive responsive type dictated, though by no means necessarily degraded, circumstances. There is wealth experience novel stimulating ideas papers, which can only touched upon here, work should read re-read everyone...
ABSTRACT An enormous global effort is being made to study SARS-CoV-2 and develop safe effective treatments. Studying the entire virus replication cycle of essential identify host factors treatments combat infection. However, quantification released often requires lengthy procedures, such as endpoint dilution assays or reinfection with engineered reporter viruses. Quantification viral RNA in cell supernatant faster can be performed on clinical isolates. purification expensive time resources...
Abstract In vitro investigations of host-pathogen interactions viruses are reliant on suitable cell and tissue culture models. Results only as good the model they have been generated in. However, choosing models for in work often depends what is available labs or has previously used. Despite vast increase coronavirus research activity over past few years, researchers still heavily on: non-human cells, example Vero E6, highly heterogeneous not fully differentiated such Calu-3, naturally...
Abstract Infectious diseases of farmed and wild animals pose a recurrent threat to food security human health. The macrophage, key component the innate immune system, is first line defence against many infectious agents plays major role in shaping adaptive response. However, this phagocyte target host for pathogens. Understanding molecular basis interactions between macrophages pathogens therefore crucial development effective strategies combat important diseases. We explored how pluripotent...