Chlorophyll meters have been used to provide a rapid non-destructive method estimate corn leaf nitrogen (N) concentration, although meter readings plateau at high N levels. Paired chlorophyll and concentration data were obtained for ear level leaves growth stages ranging from 3 wk before anthesis 5 after over 2-yr period Ottawa, Ontario. Separate quadratic-plus-plateau models best represented response pre-anthesis, early grain-fill late stages; corresponding the beginning of increased later...

Abstract Despite a global footprint of shifts in flowering phenology response to climate change, the reproductive consequences these are poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unknown whether altered times affect plant population viability. We examine change‐induced earlier has for persistence by incorporating losses from frost damage (a risk early flowering) into models subalpine sunflower ( Helianthella quinquenervis ). Using long‐term demographic data three populations that span species’...

Vampire bat rabies causes significant impacts within its endemic range in Mexico. These include livestock mortality, animal testing costs, post-exposure prophylaxis and human mortality risk. Mitigation of the can be achieved by vaccinating controlling vampire populations. A benefit-cost analysis was performed to examine economic efficiency these methods mitigation, Monte Carlo simulations were used impact that uncertainty has on analysis. We found vaccination is efficient, with benefits...

In 1987, and again 20 years later, the United Church of Christ (UCC) presented research showing that 60% African Americans lived near an unregulated toxic waste facility. We build off original UCC study present analysis minority populations in relation to superfund sites, using geometric complexity congressional districts (CDs) as a proxy for gerrymandering within lower 48 states. further by looking at different areal aggregations find regardless aggregation there is relationship between...

An estimated 59 000 people die annually from rabies, keeping this zoonosis on the forefront of neglected diseases, especially in developing world. Most deaths occur after being bitten by a rabid dog. Those exposed to suspect animal should receive appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) or risk death. However, vaccination dogs control and eliminate canine rabies at source has been implemented many places around Here, we analysed cost data for one such campaign area surrounding including...

Success of wildlife conservation projects is determined by a suite biological and economic factors. Donor public understanding the factors becoming increasingly central to longevity funding for efforts. Unlike typical evaluation, many costs benefits related efforts are realised in non-monetary terms. We identify types that arise from examine several well developed techniques economists use convert into monetary values so they may be compared common metric. Costs typically more readily...

Rabies remains a significant problem throughout much of the developing world. An estimated 69 000 people die annually from exposure to rabies. Most these deaths are result being bitten by rabid dog. Mass vaccination campaigns targeting dogs have been implemented around world in an attempt control or eliminate canine We analysed and cost data for campaign KwaZulu–Natal province South Africa; we found that per dog vaccinated be $6.61 mass $5.41 local campaigns. also human post-exposure...

Objectives This study used computer simulation modeling to estimate and compare costs of different free-roaming cat (FRC) management options (lethal non-lethal removal, trap–neuter–return, combinations these no action) their ability reduce FRC population abundance in open demographic settings. The findings provide a resource for selecting approaches that are well matched specific communities, goals timelines, they represent use best available science address issues. Methods Multiple were...

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) damage agriculture and the environment, as well transmit diseases to animals people. Hunters are particularly vulnerable zoonotic disease risks when harvesting wild pigs. Management agencies have endeavored inform public about associated with best practices for mitigating such risks. However, extent that this guidance has reached hunters influenced their is unclear. We approached topic through an analysis of pig hunting videos on YouTube. found evidence relatively few...

Raccoon rabies is endemic in the eastern U.S.; however, an epizootic had not been confirmed on Long Island, New York until 2004. An oral vaccination (ORV) program was initiated soon after first rabies-positive raccoon discovered, and continued eliminated from zone. The cost-effectiveness economic impact of this control were unknown. A public health surveillance data set evaluated following ORV used here as a case study economics prevention efforts. benefit-cost analysis performed to...

Rabies is an economically important zoonosis. This paper describes the extent of economic impacts disease and some types analyses used to understand those impacts, as well trade-offs between efforts manage rabies eliminate it. In many cases, elimination proves more cost-effective over time than continual administration postexposure prophylaxis, animal testing vaccination. Economic are inform drive policy decisions focus political will, placing economics at heart control.La rage est une...

Abstract BACKGROUND Wildlife damage to crops is a persistent and costly problem for many farmers in the USA. Most existing estimates of crop have relied on direct assessment methods such as field studies conducted by trained biologists or surveys distributed farmers. In this paper, we describe new method estimating wildlife that exploits federal insurance data. We focused our study four crops: corn, soybean, wheat, cotton, chosen because their economic importance vulnerability damage....

We present a new modeling tool that can be used to maximize the impact of canine rabies management resources are available at local level. The model is accessible through web-based interface allows for flexibility in strategies investigated. Rabies vaccination, sterilization, chemo-contraception, and euthanasia specified limited specific demographic groups. Additionally, we allowed considerable complexity specification costs. In many areas, costs contacting additional dogs increases as...

The economics of managing disease transmission at the wildlifenlivestock interface have received heightened attention as agricultural and natural resource agencies struggle to tackle growing risks animal health. In fiscal landscape increased scrutiny shrinking budgets,...

Rabies transmitted by the common vampire bat is a major public health concern in subtropical and tropical areas of Latin America, there some that species will eventually spread into south Texas. The objective this study was to estimate total economic impact potential bats Data on livestock populations values relevant counties combined with expected mortality rates calculate losses. An IMPLAN model regional economy then used secondary impacts experienced other businesses region. These were...