It is widely accepted that renewable energy sources are the key to a sustainable supply infrastructure since they both inexhaustible and nonpolluting. A number of technologies now commercially available, most notable being wind power, photovoltaic, solar thermal systems, biomass, various forms hydraulic power. In this paper, methodology has been proposed for optimally allocating different types distributed generation (DG) units in distribution system so as minimize annual loss. The based on...

This paper addresses the low-frequency relative stability problem in paralleled inverter-based distributed generation (DG) units microgrids. In sense of small-signal dynamics a microgrid, it can be shown that as demanded power each inverter changes, modes sharing drift to new locations and is remarkably affected, eventually, instability yielded. To preserve stability, an adaptive decentralized droop controller DG presented this paper. The proposed strategy based on static characteristics...

This paper presents an overview of demand response (DR) in electricity market. The definition and a classification will be presented. Different potential benefits as well cost components most common indices used for evaluation are highlighted. Moreover, some utilities experiences with different programs

Recently, integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems has increased to high penetration levels. The impact DG units on the voltage stability margins become significant. Optimization techniques are tools which can be used locate and size system, so as utilize these optimally within certain limits constraints. Thus, impacts issues, such profile, analyzed effectively. ultimate goal this paper is propose a method locating sizing improve margin. load renewable probabilistic...

Environmental concerns and fuel cost uncertainties associated with the use of conventional energy sources have resulted in rapid growth amount wind connected to distribution grids. However, based on Ontario's standard offer program (SOP), utility has right curtail (spill) order avoid any violation system constraints. This means that increase production over a specific limit might be met an curtailed. In spite their cost, storage systems (ESSs) are considered viable solution this problem....

Although wind power as a renewable energy is assumed to be an advantageous source of energy, its intermittent nature causes difficulties especially in the islanding mode operation. Conventional synchronous generators can help compensate for fluctuations, but slow behavior such systems may result stability concerns. Here, virtual inertia method, which imitates kinetic generator, used improve system dynamic behavior. Since proposed method focuses on short-term oscillations and incorporates no...

Recent development in small renewable/clean generation technologies such as wind turbines, photovoltaic, fuel cells, microturbines and so on has drawn distribution utilities' attention to possible changes the system infrastructure policy by deploying distributed (DG) systems. In this study, a methodology been proposed for optimally allocating wind-based DG units minimise annual energy loss. The is based generating probabilistic generation–load model that combines all operating...

We present a new architecture for wideband vibration-based micro-power generators (MPGs). It replaces linear oscillator with piecewise-linear as the energy harvesting element of MPG. A prototype an electromagnetic MPG designed accordingly is analyzed analytically, numerically and experimentally. find that increases bandwidth during frequency up-sweep, while maintaining same in down-sweep. Closed-form expressions response well up-sweep are presented validated Simulations show under...

A new formulation is required to provide a proper power flow analysis in islanded microgrids taking into consideration their special philosophy of operation. In this paper, novel and generic three-phase algorithm formulated for microgrids. The since it adapts the real characteristics microgrid operation; i.e., 1) some distributed generation (DG) units are controlled using droop control methods generated active reactive dependent on variables; 2) steady-state system frequency considered as...

This paper proposes a method to evaluate the worth of installing renewable distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks. Moreover, work optimally allocates these DG units network maximize connection local company (LDC), as well customers connected system. The proposed methodology helps LDC better assess benefits units' connections and identify optimal buses on which connect units. considered this are deferral upgrade investments, reduction cost energy losses, reliability improvement,...

Because of society's full dependence on electricity and high cost system outages, one important goal is to increase the reliability power system, which means that a salient attractive feature smart grid its self-healing ability. Smart grids will develop enhance automation distribution by operating in distributed manner through new digital technologies such as monitoring, automatic control, two-way communication, data management. In this work, concept have been applied construct framework for...

With the integration of distributed generation (DG) to meshed distribution systems, operating time protective system becomes a major concern in order avoid nuisance DG tripping. This paper proposes new time-current-voltage tripping characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) that can achieve higher possible reduction overall networks. The proposed is described detail. Moreover, protection coordination problem formulated as constrained nonlinear programming determine optimal...

This paper proposes a communication assisted dual setting relay protection scheme for micro-grids with grid connected and islanded capability. Previous work on relays has been applied to distributed generation systems only, but one major shortcoming is the failure of backup operate in coordinated manner. The proposed relies use directional overcurrent that are capable operating both forward reverse directions, different settings, low bandwidth maintain proper coordination. problem formulated...

Integrating today's power systems with communication infrastructure makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which can disrupt their normal operation undetectable. Automatic generation control (AGC) is one of the controllers in grids, since it greatly depends on systems. This paper first shows that false data injection attacks (FDIAs) against an AGC system be carried out stealthily destructive outcomes. Then, proposes anomaly based attack detection and identification method for protecting...

In this paper, an improved deadbeat current control scheme with a novel adaptive self-tuning load model for three-phase pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter is proposed. First, to achieve high-bandwidth characteristics, controller delay compensation adopted. The method forces the elements, which are caused by voltage calculation, PWM, and synchronous frame rotation, be equivalently placed outside closed-loop system. Hence, their effect on stability eliminated, can designed...

Islanding detection of Distributed Generation (DG) is considered as one the most important aspects when interconnecting DGs to distribution system. With increasing penetration and reliance systems on DGs, new interface control strategies are being proposed. Aside from its main task supplying active power, DG could provide voltage support, improve power factor, or mitigate other quality problems. This paper examines impact strategy inverter based islanding detection. The Nondetective Zone...

Keen interest in the development and utilization of renewable distributed generation (DG) has been currently observed worldwide. The reliability impact this highly variable energy source is an important aspect that needs to be assessed as power penetration becomes increasingly significant. Distribution system adequacy assessment including wind-based solar DG units during different modes operation described paper. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) analytical technique are used work with a novel...

Keen interest in the development and utilization of wind-based distributed generations (DGs) has been currently observed worldwide for several reasons. Among those is controlling emission environmentally harmful substances, limiting growth energy costs associated with use conventional sources encouraging independent power producers participation electricity market system. One most important issues to quantitatively assess impact such type DGs on distribution system reliability. This paper...

The fault ride-through (FRT) requirement of modern grid codes results in interactions between full-scale converter-interfaced renewable energy power plants (CIREPPs) and the protection systems high-voltage transmission grids, which normally involve distance elements either as primary or backup relay. Such are influenced by CIREPPs' exclusive behavior, have been left largely unnoticed relaying literature. Part I this paper develops a CIREPP model suitable for studies, highlights properties...

Wind energy is considered one of the most rapidly growing sources electricity generation all over world. This letter presents a novel technique for wind speed forecasting and power prediction based on using Grey predictor model GM(1,1). The effectiveness proposed revealed simulation results.