In Kenya, where 60 to 80% of the urban residents live in informal settlements (frequently referred as slums), out-of-pocket (OOP) payments account for more than a third national health expenditures. However, little is known on extent which these OOP are associated with personal or household financial catastrophe slums. This paper seeks examine incidence and determinants catastrophic expenditure among slum communities Kenya.We use unique dataset settlement Kenya various approaches that relate...

Aims In Kenya, it is estimated that 60 to 80% of urban residents live in slum or slum-like conditions. This study investigates expenditures patterns dwellers Nairobi, their coping strategies and the determinants those strategies. Method We use a dataset from Indicator Development for Surveillance Urban Emergencies (IDSUE) research conducted four Nairobi slums April 2012 September 2012. The includes information related household livelihoods, earned incomes members, expenditures, shocks,...

Abstract At the time it voted to exit in 2016, UK was a leading economy within EU. It contributed about 16 percent of EU GDP, while other countries accounted for almost half UK's total trade. This study attempts answer two research questions: First, how Brexit affected EU–UK trade and second, between remaining 27 members. To these questions, quarterly data are exploited period from 2005Q1 2022Q3 covering 53 trading partners including A gravity model that controls unobserved bilateral...

This article uses a dynamic panel data model to analyse the effects of terrorism on demand for tourism in Kenya. We use annual from 2010 2013 widely dispersed set 124 countries origin covering Europe, Asia, Americas and Africa. The result suggests that 1% increase fatalities significantly reduces tourist arrivals by about 0.13%. translates reduction 2507.5 visitors per year roughly 157.1 million Kenya Shillings lost revenue every one unit fatality. Other proxies terrorism, such as incidence...

The paper applies dynamic panel modeling to investigate the impact of terrorism and travel advice on global tourism. Annual arrivals data for 49 destinations 15 leading countries origin period 2010–2014 are used. Results indicate that casualties or fatalities from terrorism, absent advice, significantly reduce tourism demand. However, (fatalities) combined with have a relatively larger adverse effects identified, however, sensitive country characteristics. Casualties as well weaken demand...

This paper uses dynamic panel model to compare the effect of terrorism on developed and emerging country demand for tourism in Kenya. Quarterly data spanning 2010Q1 2013Q4, sourced from Kenyan National Bureau Statistics, 27 34 countries is used. Intensity terror attack measured by fatalities significantly reduces tourist arrivals but not countries. A 1% increase fatality 0.082%. translates 2487 visitors per year, or roughly 155.8 million Kenya shillings lost annually an one quarter.

In this study we assess the impact of political and economic blockade Qatar, as well four other events related to on Qatar's stock market volatility. One these occurred before June 5 2017 while others after. We use volatility event-study approach test abnormal unsystematic in returns. reveal that has reacted significantly happened after blockade. Our findings highlight importance continuing, even bolstering, ongoing mediation efforts reduce risk a resurgence hostilities. As there is no...

There is a proposal for fast-tracked approach to the African Community (EAC) monetary union. This paper uses cointegration techniques determine whether member countries would form successful union based on long-run behavior of nominal and real exchange rates base. The three variables are each analyzed co-movements among five countries. empirical results indicate only partial convergence considered, suggesting there could be substantial costs from process. implies EAC need significant...

Abstract This paper uses VAR techniques to investigate the potential for forming monetary unions in Eastern and Southern Africa. All countries sample are members of various regional economic organizations. Some organizations have a union as an immediate objective whereas others consider it possibility more distant future. Our is sort out which suitable candidates based on synchronicity demand supply disturbances. Although shocks not highly correlated across entire region, we tentatively...

<p>Terrorist attacks have escalated over the recent years in Kenya, with adverse effects on tourism industry. This study aims to establish if a long-run equilibrium exists between terrorism and Kenya 1994 2014. To reinforce robustness of results, both Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques are used investigate problem. A Granger causality test is also carried out ascertain direction relationship one exists. The evidence from...

The study analyzes the impact of terrorism on Malaysia’s tourism demand. Panel data from 25 top source countries, covering period 2000Q4 to 2017Q4 is obtained Global Terrorism Database, and Malaysian Tourism Board (MyTourismData). For analysis, a panel Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) procedure employed. results indicate that an increase in activity Malaysia depresses international arrivals country. Furthermore, spillover effects neighboring South East Asian countries are identified. Increased...

This paper examines the impact of Kenyan elections and election-related events on tourism, financial media sector stock returns using an event study approach. Daily prices selected equities are obtained from Thompson Reuters EIKON parametric non-parametric tests carried out. The results indicate that conflict negatively affects tourism more than sectors, while peaceful have a positive effect to smaller extend, sector. Peace initiatives induce tourism. A robust independent IEBC capable...

Security concerns especially from terrorism events and travel warnings against the country presents a challenge to tourism industry in Kenya. This study applies Arellano-Bond difference GMM model analyze effects of warning on demand for Quarterly arrivals data Kenya National Bureau Statistics 22 source countries covering period 2010q1 2015q4 are used. The focuses by UK US. results obtained show that events, represented fatalities, significantly reduce demand. adverse effect lasts at least...

Abstract Overlaps in membership of monetary integration initiatives the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region is a major stumbling block to deeper integration. For example, strict implementation East African Community (EAC) customs union concluded 2004 would violate existing Common Market for (COMESA) Development (SADC) free trade agreements. To resolve this problem paper applies cluster analysis assign countries most suitable initiative based on real nominal convergence criteria. The...

This study uses a modified gravity model to estimate the trade effects of recently implemented East African Community (EAC) customs union on individual member countries. The analysis is based bilateral import data for seventy potential trading partners EAC bloc. It covers period 1996 2009. results suggest has generated disproportionate impacts intra bloc exports and imports Kenya, Uganda Rwanda have seen significant increase in their exports, while Kenya Tanzania imports. Significant changes...

Abstract This study uses a theoretically consistent gravity model to assess the average trade effect of East African Community customs union implemented in 2005. The estimation is carried out using framework that controls for endogeneity. Country‐pair fixed effects are included control time constant factors while importer‐year and exporter‐year account varying multilateral resistance variables. To check robustness Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood used. covers period 2000 2013 with total...

The study investigates whether the financial liberalization undertaken in India has resulted integration of Indian markets with global markets. First, we investigate covered interest rate parity (CIP) between and US using 3 month interbank rates 1 year swap rates. results show little evidence a long term equilibrium relationship domestic rate. mostly negative indicate presence country risk premium and/or binding regulations on capital movements restrictions borrowing lending. Next, use...

This article investigates the determinants of theatre, dance, and art museum attendance in United Arab Emirates (UAE) using two analytical techniques. Multivariate probit censored Poisson models are used to investigate likelihood frequency attendance, respectively. The data were collected by Pan Research Centre from 1377 households Dubai Abu Dhabi a computer-aided telephone survey 2012. results show that ethnicity residency dynamics important attendance. expatriate groups, European,...