There exists a variety of situations in which the dispersion data, rather than their mean or other central value, is interest. The coefficient variation, measure divided by appropriate tendency, preferable to raw for this purpose. However, these measures do not have constant range, and common practice dividing variation value obtained 100 expressing result as per cent particularly inappropriate, all maxima larger unity n>2. present paper provides standardization procedures coefficients...

(2005). Blogging and Hyperlinking: use of the Web to enhance viability during 2004 US campaign. Journalism Studies: Vol. 6, Content Effects Media in Presidential Campaign, pp. 177-186.

State surveillance during the last 10 years reveals a nationwide increase in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young adults (1). The proportion of infants born to HCV-infected women is also increasing nationally (2). To estimate and frequency confirmed HCV their infants, maternal name date birth from reports Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System (WEDSS) were linked Medicaid data for 2011-2015 births. During this period, population, who had evidence pregnancy increased 93%, 1...

This study examined psychological constructs related to the subjective experience of binge-watching serial video content. The results underscore centrality transportation in shaping viewers' perceptions and their behaviors. Transportation was positively frequency mediated impact session length on development parasocial interactions (full mediation) enjoyment (partial mediation). Ability flow found predict a session. Other significant relationships were revealed. Theoretical practical...

This essay presents data from a census of statistics requirements and offerings at all 4-year journalism programs in the United States ( N = 369) proposes model potential course for majors. The author that three philosophies underlie students. Such should (a) represent with journalism, not seasoned few statistics; (b) encourage awareness error skepticism omniscience official figures; (c) cultivate statistical enthusiasts, formulae repositories. Findings report students just one fifth U.S....

This study examines year-by-year correlations between Freedom House and Reporters Sans Frontières' (RSF) press freedom scores for countries over a 13-year period (2002–2014). The goal of the is to test hypothesis that, further into age digital disclosure, as abuses harassment journalists are more widely reported, ranking systems gradually becoming precise and, therefore, two indices will strengthen time. To assess concurrent validity indices, both on United Nations Human Development Index...

This study examined media credibility ratings as predictors of perceptions online fake political news exposure (FNE) among internet users in five Arab countries: Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and UAE (N = 4,616). Regression models use variables explained sizeable amounts variance FNE three countries (14% to 26%). The hypothesis that respondents' would negatively predict FNE, however, was only partially supported—a relationship observed two the countries. strongest positive correlate...

The deleterious effects of joint bias in favor statistical inference and against replication are becoming well known. acceptance numerous Type I errors into the literature is by far most serious these. Data on contents three major journals support contention that a for significance tests, rejections, exists modern sociology. This finding replicates Sterling (1959) psychology. A speculative analysis dynamics publication decisions suggests compact format reporting replications might make their...

Informed by research on the uses and gratifications of Internet for political activity, this study examines predictors online efficacy among users in five Arab countries (N = 4029): Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Lebanon, Qatar, U.A.E. As predicted, variables presumed to be associated with dissidence – unemployment, distrust mainstream media, young age, feeling country is wrong track were not positively efficacy. Counter what was hypothesized, however, reliance social media use strongly or...

Results of an online survey suggest that heavy binge-watching serialized video content might be in part socially motivated. Among a sample US college students, binge-watchers were more likely to opinion leaders and experience fear missing out (FOMO) than regular or non-binge-watchers. They also reported higher levels parasocial engagement with the shows’ characters other viewers. Contrary common beliefs, did not come at cost decreased social engagement. Quite opposite: spending significantly...

Legacy news consumption was found to be a predictor of getting from social media influencers (SMIs) among respondents in seven nationally representative samples Arab countries (N = 5,166). Getting SMIs does not seem an “alternative” for persons disenchanted with legacy media; SMI use may, itself, form consumption. The results provide strong evidence the more-and-more phenomenon first identified by Lazarsfeld et al.

A correlation analysis of the severity and certainty punish ment offense rates for major index crimes produces results consistent with predictions deterrence theory. Certainty punishment proves to be chief deterrent most crimes. Homicide, however, is influenced by severity, pos sibly reflecting differences between homicide other fenses. Little evidence interaction found in effects on crime rate. powerfunction better describe relationship varia bles than a rectilinear equation-a conclusion...

This study tests the assumption that outsourcing copy editing harms accuracy. Authors content analyzed all corrected errors in five newspapers a full year both before and after of (N = 3255), while controlling for newspapers' circulation during two-year period. Literature on media credibility informs analyses. Five daily United States Canada have outsourced either to parent-company centers other states or cities (Hartford Courant, CT; Raleigh News & Observer, NC; Winston-Salem Journal, Daily...

This study examined the newsjunkie characteristic—intrinsic need for orientation (INFO)—as a predictor of being registered to vote, intention and voter conscientiousness among large sample U.S. adults ( N = 2,059), while controlling media use, news consumption, political partisanship, demographics. INFO assesses extent which people access in their downtime, feel discomfort when they cannot get news, check first things do daily, believe that following connects them with others. The current is...

Abstract While institutional support is growing for women in leadership positions across the Arab world, little known about how rising numbers of roles authority and expertise are being perceived. We examine general theories gender bias fit new data from a survey experiment spanning nationally representative samples five countries. The captured citizens judge who adopt stereotypically masculine role “hard-news” journalist. Results challenge conventional wisdom prevalence classic sexism—a...

Subjects in a boys' secondary school were asked to participate an experiment which exposed them the risk of up 50% hearing loss. Of 42 Ss, 39 participated voluntarily. Each operated fake "sound generator" similar Milgram's "shock and administered himself supposed stimulus whose "danger level" was prominently displayed before him. The highest level each prepared go recorded. Results showed close similarity with those obtained by Milgram when his Ss instructed administer dangerous shocks...

Abstract Recent research on the newsjunkie trait—intrinsic need for orientation (INFO)—has not yet examined specific kinds of information newsjunkies consume or whether characteristic predicts outcomes like political knowledge. Study 1 surveyed U.S. adults’ (N = 2,059) INFO, hard news consumption, soft use partisan outlets FOX News, and MSNBC, less-partisan BBC NBC. The trait was one strongest predictors consumption (like about foreign affairs economy), after controlling numerous factors, it...

The paper focuses on a rarely analyzed superhero within the X-Men universe: time-traveling mutant and law enforcement officer Lucas Bishop. Through highlighting core narrative themes consistent throughout his various depictions in comics animation through lens of constructivist approach to sociomoral development (Social Cognitive Domain Theory; SCDT), author contends that character’s complexity multifaceted nature potentially has implications for understanding superheroes like Bishop as...

Humans use punishment to influence each other’s behavior. Many current theories presume that this operates as a simple form of incentive. In contrast, we show people infer the communicative intent behind punishment, which can sometimes diverge sharply from its immediate incentive value. other words, respond not reward be maximized, but signal interpreted. Specifically, expect harmless, yet communicative, punishments effective harmful (Experiment 1). Under some situations, display systematic...

We provide ongoing HIV and Hepatitis B surveillance in residential First Nations alcohol drug treatment centres British Columbia, Canada. All clients entering the are offered confidential viral testing as part of an education program on sexually transmitted diseases. Participation is voluntary approximately two thirds choose to be tested. Information about risk factors for communicable disease immunization status not recorded. The began January 1992. As September 2000, 2,345 people have been...