Breastmilk protects infants against infections; however, specific responses of breastmilk immune factors to different infections either the mother or infant are not well understood. Here, we examined baseline range leukocytes and immunomodulatory biomolecules in healthy mother/infant dyads how they influenced by dyad. Consistent with a greater immunological need early postpartum period, colostrum contained considerable numbers (13–70% out total cells) high levels immunoglobulins lactoferrin....

Background: Data regarding the association between breast milk composition and infant feeding patterns (frequency amount of taken) would help in understanding regulation food intake breastfed infants. Objective: This study examined relationship macronutrient concentration breastfeeding infants over a 24-hour period. Methods: Mothers healthy term (n = 15) collected pre- postfeed samples from each feed at Breast were analyzed for fat, lactose, total protein, casein, whey protein content. The...

Human milk (HM) appetite hormones and macronutrients may mediate satiety in breastfed infants. This study investigated associations between maternal adiposity concentrations of HM leptin, adiponectin, protein lactose, whether these the relationship body mass index percentage fat (%FM) a breastfeeding population change over first year lactation. Lactating women (n = 59) provided samples 283) at 2nd, 5th, 9th and/or 12th month Concentrations total lactose were measured. Maternal %FM was...

A mid-infrared human milk analyzer (HMA) is designed to measure the macronutrients in over a wide range of concentrations. Human samples (N = 30, 4 different dilutions each) were used compare macronutrient levels determined by HMA those derived from traditional laboratory methods. There was small but statistically significant difference fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and energy for all samples. These differences consistent with subtle chemical principles governing assays. For higher...

Abstract Breastmilk is a rich source of cells with heterogeneous composition comprising early-stage stem cells, progenitors and more differentiated cells. The gene expression profiles these their associations characteristics the breastfeeding mother infant are poorly understood. This study investigated factors associated cellular dynamics breastmilk explored variations amongst women. Genes representing different cell populations including mammary epithelial myoepithelial multi-lineage showed...

MicroRNA have been recently discovered in human milk signifying potentially important functions for both the lactating breast and infant. Whilst microRNA started to be explored, little data exist on evaluation of sample processing, analysis ensure that a full spectrum can obtained. Human comprises three main fractions: cells, skim milk, lipids. Typically, fraction has measured isolation despite evidence lipid may contain more microRNA. This study aimed standardize total RNA from all...

The most common reason given for discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding is perceived insufficient milk supply. Breastfed infants show more variation in feeding frequency than bottle-fed infants, and this may lead to a mother lacking confidence her supply if the sessions does not match expectations based on bottle feeding. We aimed assist clinicians supporting mothers by providing evidence-based information expected changes patterns intake during 6 months.Mothers their healthy who were...

Large inter- and intra-individual variations exist in breastmilk composition, yet factors associated with these the short-term are not well understood. In this study, effects of breastfeeding on cellular biochemical content were examined. Serial samples (∼5 mL) collected from both breasts women before immediately after first morning breastfeed, then at 30-minute intervals for up to 3 hours post-feed 2–4 mornings per participant. The infant fed one breast only each feed. Effects pump versus...

Background: Nipple pain is a major cause of early weaning. The causes nipple are diverse, and most treatments involve experience-based assessment. There little knowledge the intensity or variation in experienced by breastfeeding women. Given high initiation rates, it important to evaluate lactating women detail. Objective: To investigate compare using objective measures. Methods: type, effect, severity were measured McGill Pain Questionnaire, Brief Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale,...

Infants rely on their innate immune systems to protect them from infection. Human milk (HM) contains fatty acids (FAs) and monoacylglycerols that are known exhibit antiviral antibacterial properties in vitro. The specific fat content of HM may potentially affect the efficacy this antimicrobial activity. This preliminary study investigates whether proportions FA change response infections, leading cold-like symptoms mother or infant. Milk samples were obtained mothers (n = 26) when they...

Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. This study analyzed GE single breastfeed, HM hormones/macronutrients demographics/anthropometrics/body composition term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. Feed volume (FV) was measured by test-weigh...

Background: Infant sucking problems are frequently implicated in early weaning during breastfeeding, yet our understanding of dynamics is limited. Objective: This study aimed to describe infant patterns breastfeeding at secretory activation and determine whether they changed by the time established lactation. Methods: Sucking milk intake 15 infants were assessed on day 3.2 ± 0.8 later follow-up, 16.0 (11.3-22.8) days postpartum. Nipple diameters, tongue movement, nipple position, suck rate...

Background: Despite the differences in breastfeeding and bottle-feeding, our understanding of how suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB), oxygenation, heart rate patterns change as infant ages is based predominantly on bottle-feeding studies. Therefore, this study aimed to measure SSwB, changed during first 4 months lactation term infants. Methods: Infants less than 1 month postpartum (n = 15) were monitored early again later (2-4 postpartum). Simultaneous recordings vacuum, tongue movement,...

Background: The impact of cesarean section (CS) birth and pethidine for post-CS epidural analgesia on early breastfeeding behavior is unclear. This study aimed to measure infant sucking in infants mothers who delivered by CS (CS group) used patient-controlled (PCEA) after with that were vaginal (V group), during secretory activation again the establishment lactation. Subjects Methods: Sucking dynamics milk intake assessed approximately 3 20 (follow-up) days postpartum group, n=19; V n=15)....

The aim of the present study was to determine whether specific biochemical and energy concentrations influence gastric emptying unfortified fortified mother's own milk (MOM) in stable preterm infants, differs between feeds MOM with S-26 or FM 85 human fortifier (HMF) when infants are fed same volume under similar conditions. Influences infant gestation, age, weight, feed characteristics were also explored.Stomach volumes 25 paired monitored prefeed postfeed delivery at 30-minute intervals...

Breastfeeding has been implicated in the establishment of infant appetite regulation, feeding patterns and body composition (BC). A holistic approach is required to elucidate relationships between maternal BC contributing factors, such as breastfeeding parameters. Associations breastfed term (n = 20) parameters during first 12 months lactation were investigated. was measured at 2, 5, 9 and/or postpartum with ultrasound skinfolds (US; infants only) bioimpedance spectroscopy (infants mothers)....

Breast milk composition can be affected by several factors, and it exhibit short-term (weekly) variations. Investigating variations in breast is important to accurately estimate nutrient requirements of the infant.To investigate changes between left right breasts, over a 3-week period within first 6 months lactation.The breasts mothers healthy, term infants (n = 23) were simultaneously expressed with an electric pump for 15 minutes, on 3 occasions weeks. Milk samples (5 mL) collected from...

Ceroid and lipofuscin are autofluorescent granules thought to be generated as a consequence of chronic oxidative stress. Because ceroid persistent in tissue, their measurement can provide lifetime history exposure Although measured by quantification granules, current methods rely on subjective assessment. Furthermore, there has not been any evaluation variables affecting quantitative measurements. The article describes simple statistical approach that readily applied quantitate lipofuscin....

The duration of exclusive breastfeeding is affected by maternal confidence and perception milk supply, but objective measurement supply rarely used. Mothers preterm infants have found measuring in-home test weighing to be helpful ascertain their infants' intake. This study aimed determine if this technique affects mothers term infants.Participants filled in a survey perceptions behavior prior after 24-hour period recording the times feeds, amounts each breastfeed or bottle feed (expressed...

Full breastfeeding is the ultimate aim for preterm infants to ensure they receive full benefits of human milk however, face a number challenges associated with their immaturity and morbidities. In order facilitate oral feeding, it essential have sound knowledge sucking dynamics breastfed infant. The this study was measure describe A prospective cross sectional observational carried out at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth. 38 mothers (birth gestation age: 23.6–33.3 weeks; corrected age...

Background: Infants of breastfeeding mothers with persistent nipple pain have been shown to apply stronger vacuums the breast and transfer less milk during one monitored feed. This may be associated differences in movement tongue. The aim was analyse intra-oral shape tongue infants without pain. Methods: Breastfeeding or were using ultrasound vacuum breastfeed. From cine clips scans measurements made depth space between hard-soft palate junction (HSPJ) mid-tongue; distance tip HSPJ;...

Breast cancers with lactating features, some of which are associated pregnancy and lactation, often poorly differentiated, lack estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor HER2 expression have high mortality. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive uncontrolled cell proliferation in these tumors confer features. We recently reported OCT4 embryonic stem (ESC) self-renewal genes normal breast breastmilk cells (hBSCs). This prompted us to examine features compare it observed...

Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of becoming overweight and/or obese later in life. This protective effect has been partly attributed to leptin present breastmilk. study investigated 24-h variations skim milk and its relationship with breastmilk macronutrients infant breastfeeding patterns. Exclusive mothers term singletons (n = 19; age 10 ± 5 weeks) collected pre- post-feed samples for every breastfeed over period test-weighed their determine intake at period. Samples 454) were...