A5090668518- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Virology and Viral Diseases
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
2012-2025
Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health
2011-2024
Ministry of Agriculture
2009
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2009
University of Manitoba
2004-2007
Health Sciences Centre
2004
The GsGd lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996) H5N1 virus was introduced to Canada in 2021/2022 through the Atlantic and East Asia-Australasia/Pacific flyways by migratory birds. This followed unprecedented outbreaks affecting domestic wild birds, with spillover into other animals. Here, we report sporadic cases of 40 free-living mesocarnivore species such as red foxes, striped skunks, mink Canada. clinical presentations disease mesocarnivores were consistent central nervous system infection....
From 2016 to 2020, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses circulated in Asia, Europe, and Africa, causing waves of infections the deaths millions wild domestic birds presenting a zoonotic risk. In late 2021, H5N1 HPAI were isolated from poultry Canada also retrospectively great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), raising concerns that spread these North America was mediated by migratory bird populations. February April 2022, bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) broiler chickens...
We report the detection of a clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) reassortant virus with neuraminidase surface protein derived from North American lineage low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. This caused widespread and ongoing outbreak across 45 poultry farms in British Columbia, Canada. Isolates 8 reveal mutation (H275Y) that is exceptionally rare among viruses (present 0.045% publicly available isolates). NA-H275Y well-known marker resistance to inhibitor oseltamivir. demonstrate this substitution...
Abstract In late November 2014 higher than normal death losses in a meat turkey and chicken broiler breeder farm the Fraser Valley of British Columbia initiated diagnostic investigation that led to discovery novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 virus. This virus, composed 5 gene segments (PB2, PA, HA, M NS) related Eurasian HPAI H5N8 remaining (PB1, NP NA) North American lineage waterfowl viruses, represents first outbreak poultry due virus with genes. Since its...
Since its initial identification in Mexico and the United States, concerns have been raised that novel H1N1 influenza virus might cause a pandemic of severity comparable to 1918 pandemic. In late April 2009, viruses phylogenetically related were isolated from an outbreak on Canadian pig farm. This also had epidemiological links suspected human case. Experimental infections carried out pigs using one swine isolates this isolate A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 showed differences recovery lower...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread at an unprecedented scale, leading to mass mortalities in birds and mammals. In 2023, a transatlantic incursion of HPAI A(H5N5) into North America was detected, followed shortly thereafter by mammalian detection. As these were similar contemporary described Eurasia, the most likely facilitated pelagic seabirds. Some Canadian from mammals possessed PB2-E627K substitution known facilitate adaptation Ferrets inoculated with showed...
Abstract Epidemiologic, serologic, and molecular phylogenetic methods were used to investigate an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza on a broiler breeding farm in Saskatchewan, Canada. Results, coupled with data from A virus surveillance migratory waterfowl Canada, implicated wild birds as the most probable source low pathogenicity precursor virus.
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), of apparent swine origin, may have evolved in pigs unnoticed because insufficient surveillance. Consequently, the need for surveillance influenza viruses circulating has received added attention. In this study we characterized isolated from Canadian 2009. Isolates May were comprised hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA) genes classical SIV origin combination with North American triple-reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette, here termed contemporary (conSIV)...
BackgroundResistance to macrolides in Streptococcus pneumoniae arises primarily due Erm(B) or Mef(A). typically confers high-level resistance macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB phenotype), whereas Mef(A) low-level only (M phenotype). The purpose of this study was investigate the incidence macrolide mechanisms Canadian isolates S. obtained between 1998 2004. Furthermore, genetic relatedness, serotype distribution antibiotic susceptibility profile among with dual erythromycin...
Suspected human-to-animal transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus has been reported in several animal species, including pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and turkeys. In this study we describe genetic characterization pH1N1 viruses isolated from breeder turkeys that was associated with a progressive drop egg production. Sequence analysis all eight gene segments three outbreak demonstrated homology other human swine isolates. The susceptibility to isolate further evaluated...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have caused unprecedented morbidity and mortality in different species of domestic wild birds Asia, Europe, Africa. In our previous study, we demonstrated the susceptibility potential epidemiologic importance HPAI Canada geese. this investigated preexposure with North American lineage H3N8, H4N6, H5N2 low pathogenicity (LPAI) viruses to cross-protect geese against a lethal challenge. Based on results, that were primed boosted an...
ABSTRACT Although a polybasic HA 0 cleavage site is considered the dominant virulence determinant for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 and H7 viruses, naturally occurring virus isolates possessing have been identified that are low in chickens. In this study, we generated reassortant H5N3 possessed hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H5N1 HPAI A/swan/Germany/R65/2006 remaining segments A/chicken/British Columbia/CN0006/2004 (H7N3). Despite GERRRKKR/GLF, rH5N3 exhibited phenotype...
Abstract In the current study, we describe pathobiologic characteristics of a novel reassortant virus - A/chicken/BC/FAV-002/2015 (H5N1) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 that was isolated from backyard chickens in British Columbia, Canada. Sequence analyses demonstrate PB1, PA, NA and NS gene segments were North American lineage while PB2, HA, NP M derived Eurasian H5N8 virus. This had 19 amino acid deletion neuraminidase stalk. We evaluated pathogenic potential this isolate various animal models....
ABSTRACT Long-distance migratory ducks play a critical role in the maintenance and dissemination of A(H5N1) viruses. Comparative pathogenicity studies were conducted on blue-winged teal (BWTE; Anas discors ) using three distinct genotypes clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (A1, B1.3, B4.1) isolated from wild Canada. Twenty-four hours post-intranasal infection BWTE, contact turkeys chickens introduced into each groups to evaluate viral transmission. The levels shedding BWTE increased 3 7 days...
Three fluoroquinolone-susceptible and five fluoroquinolone-resistant (two with ParC Ser79Phe mutations, one a GyrA Ser81Phe mutation, two that were efflux positive) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates exposed to one, two, four, eight, sixteen times the MICs of ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin. Mutational frequencies calculated at each multiple MIC for which growth was observed. Mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) MPC (MP(MIC)) evaluated. All resulting...
A multi-agency, Canada-wide survey of influenza viruses circulating in wild birds, coordinated by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, was begun summer 2005. Cloacal swab specimens collected from young-of-year ducks were screened for presence nucleic acids quantitative, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Specimens that produced positive results underwent further testing H5 and H7 gene sequences virus isolation. In addition to live bird sampling,...
Reports of ketolide resistance remain scarce, however, a few laboratory-derived and clinical isolates resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae have been documented. Mutations in key telithromycin-binding sites such as domains II V the 23S rRNA ribosomal proteins L4 L22, well mutations determinant erm(B) are associated with elevated telithromycin MICs. secondary binding site domain coupled methylation may serious consequences should be lost. Although ketolides purported to maintain excellent...
Abstract Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an role in their ecology. The emergence the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks mortality wild from 2002 onwards. This has evolved diversified over time, with recent derivative being 2.3.4.4b sub-lineage, which caused significant events bird populations. An clade virus was transmitted into North America Eurasia 2021, first detection Newfoundland...
Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses cause varying degrees of loss in egg production breeder turkeys. In this study we characterized TR isolated from three turkey farms diagnosed with a drop production. The eight gene segments the virus first case submission (FAV-003) were all lineage. However, two subsequent submissions (FAV-009 and FAV-010) unique reassortants PB2, PA, nucleoprotein (NP) matrix (M) 2009 pandemic H1N1 remaining H3N2. Phylogenetic analysis HA NA genes placed 3...
In September 2007, an H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak (HPAI) occurred on a multiple-age broiler breeder operation near Regina Beach, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mortality was initially observed in barn that housed 24-wk-old roosters, with later involvement of 32-wk-old breeders. All birds the affected premises were destroyed, and surveillance surrounding farms demonstrated no further spread. The use water from dugout pond during periods high demand, proximity farm to Last Mountain...