Abstract Background Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is one of the most significant diseases beef cattle. As such, IBK costs US industry at least 150 million annually. However, strategies to prevent are limited, with cases resulting in treatment antibiotics once disease has developed. Longitudinal studies evaluating establishment ocular microbiota may identify critical risk periods for outbreaks or changes that predispose animals IBK. Results In an...

Introduction An increasing emergence of novel animal pathogens has been observed over the last decade. Viruses are a major contributor to increased and therefore, veterinary surveillance testing procedures greatly needed rapidly accurately detect high-consequence diseases such as Foot Mouth Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Classical Swine Fever, African Fever. The detection methods for include real-time PCR assays pathogen-specific antibodies among others. However, due genetic...

Abstract Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is a disease that infects the ocular surface and surrounding tissue which concern to animal health welfare well producer economics. Vaccinations have been shown variable efficacy, while limited genetics studies using either ulcer scores or binary phenotypes suggested direct genetic selection for resistance would be slow. Therefore, an investigation into host component of microbiome was conducted. Animals were...

Metagenomic sequencing is the process of extracting all genomic information from a given sample. Most metagenomic studies remove any host reads as matter course. However, can be used basis for genotype imputation to obtain whole sequences. The accuracy these imputed genotypic calls bovine ocular sample was determined by comparing results those commercial array. Overall, proved have high concordance with array (average 83% and correlation 0.81 no filtering). Accuracy increased filters read...

Abstract The majority of microbiome studies focused on understanding mechanistic relationships between the host and microbiota have used mice other rodents as model choice. However, domestic pig is a relevant that currently underutilized for human investigations. In this study, we performed direct comparison engraftment fecal bacterial communities from donors microbiota-associated (HMA) piglet mouse models under identical dietary conditions. Analysis 16S rRNA genes using amplicon sequence...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting central nervous system. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) a causative agent for infectious mononucleosis (IM) that associated with MS pathogenesis. However, exact mechanism by which EBV, specifically in IM, increases risk remains unknown. EBV immortalizes primary B lymphocytes vitro and causes excessive lymphocyte proliferation IM vivo. In asymptomatic carriers, EBV-infected still proliferate to certain degrees, process of...

Abstract Reduction in dietary crude protein and addition of fiber could mitigate the incidence severity post-weaning diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal condition newly weaned pigs. Therefore, 360 weanling pigs, initially 5.0 ± 0.10 kg, were used to evaluate effects (CP) level source on growth performance fecal microbial communities. At weaning, pigs randomly assigned pens allotted 1 8 treatments 2 × 4 factorial with main CP (21 or 18%) (none, coarse wheat bran, oat hulls, cellulose). There...

The human skin contains a diverse microbiome that provides protective functions against environmental pathogens. Studies have demonstrated bacteriophages modulate bacterial community composition and facilitate the transfer of host-specific genes, potentially influencing host cellular functions. However, little is known about virome its role in health. Especially, how viral-host relationships influence structure function poorly understood.Population dynamics genetic diversity bacteriophage...

Abstract Early-life microbiome establishment and colonization is essential for gut development, nutrient digestion metabolism, modulation of the immune system. Microbial infant digestive tract begins at birth, as such, maternal microbiota has an important influence on early-life microbiota. Therefore, perturbations during early life may have long-term impact composition function, serve a major determinant host health development. To evaluate effects microbiomes microbiome, effect we set out...

Abstract With increased intensification of livestock production, the rate disease susceptibility and emergence pathogens has increased. Currently in beef cattle industry, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), is a problematic that not well understood where vaccines have shown to low efficacy. This partly due lack understanding ocular microbiome, IBK progression may be result polymicrobial certain bacterial and/or viral taxa predisposing animal infection. To understand microbial...

Abstract Recent studies have shown that prebiotics been able to positively affect growth of beneficial bacteria, indices gut health, and performance in pigs. This type research is important identify alternative methods for maintaining herd health other than antimicrobial usage. Jerusalem Artichoke tubers were chosen due their relatively greater amount inulin (~60%) compared with prebiotic crops (i.e., chicory pulp - ~20% inulin). The objective this work was evaluate weaned pigs fed tubers....

Abstract Alternatives to antibiotics (especially metaphylactic use of in livestock) are critically needed ensure animal and human health while meeting the increasing food demand growing population. One proposed alternatives antibiotic that is gaining momentum probiotics or direct-fed microbials (DFMs), which live microbes have specialized functions improve gastrointestinal performance. However, date, most DFMs tested as alternative reduce pathogen colonization shown limited effectiveness...

Abstract The use of probiotics may be an effective strategy in sustainable pig production. objective this experiment was to examine the effects Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) on nursery performance. Weaned pigs (n = 70; average initial BW 6.464 kg) were randomly allotted 1 3 treatments, forming 6 replicates per treatment. Treatments included: 1) fed a standard diet (NRC 2012); CTL; 2) CTL with addition 10^10 CFU LF day for phase (wk 2 and 3; LF1); 3) thru 5). A common during adaptation wash...

Abstract Among the major sources of methane production, ruminants account for a considerable fraction anthropogenic produced. Thus, minimizing emission in intensive and extensive cattle production systems while maintaining/increasing performance animals will have significant impact on environment help develop sustainable carbon-based market system. We believe that developing science-based dietary intervention strategies using feed additives to manipulate rumen microbial communities is viable...

Abstract The bovine ocular microbiome is of interest because its potential role in disease, such as infectious keratoconjunctivitis. bacterial community 223 pre-weaned beef calves from a single cohort were sampled four times; day 0, 21, 41, and 139 (mean calf ages 65, 86, 99, 204 days, respectively). was phenotyped using the V4 region 16S rRNA gene grouped into amplicon sequence variants (ASV) which taxonomically classified at phylum family level. Heritability estimated for log transformed...

Beef has served as a major protein source in human nutrition. Over the last 25 years, global beef production increased exponentially. With projection of demand for meat and milk to double by 2050, is expected increase meet future demands. This change scale resulted intensification systems. As consequence, need better animal health, disease control, “health management” led use antibiotics cattle system. (especially metaphylactic growth promotants) have microbial population that resistant AMR...

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the establishment human fecal bacterial communities in porcine and murine animal models. Many gut microbiota studies use microbiota-associated (HMA) rodents as translational models; however, it has been questioned how successfully a can be established considering many differences that exist between humans. domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) anatomical, physiological, immunological similarities humans widely used model for biomedical...

Abstract The rumen microbial community is responsible for producing a majority of the energetic needs animal, yet our understanding microbiome in its infancy. To better understand effect corn-ethanol coproducts on communities, replicated 4 × Latin square design study utilizing 12 cows three squares was conducted to evaluate replacement alfalfa hay with mixture (CoP) containing straw and dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) lactating Jersey cows. experimental treatments were...

Abstract Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuctivitis (IBK), or more commonly known as pinkeye, impacts the beef cattle industry with expenses reaching close to 150 million dollars annually. Thus far, successful prevention of infectious outbreaks IBK have been limited. Partly, this may be due our limited understanding establishment and composition ocular microbiome. However, microbiome, provide indicators species for early detection identify a window opportunity treat before occur. As an attempt...

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

Abstract One of the largest animal health related issues in beef industry is liver abscesses. While not a significant loss, abscesses formed results reduced performance and carcass yield resulting feed intake, weight gain, decreased efficiency, dressing percentage. Currently, most effective method for controlling use antibiotics belonging, to macrolide family, named Tylosin. Tylosin has been great resource, however increased come under scrutiny due emergence antibiotic resistant bacteria....

Abstract The temporal trend of novel pathogen identification has increased over the last decade, with viruses being main contributor to increase. Currently, NAHLN provides veterinary surveillance and testing procedures for high consequence animal diseases, where in many cases, detection these diseases is based on real-time PCR assay (ASF, CSF, FMD, IAV-S) or specific antibodies using ELISA methods (PRV). However, genetic shift drift virus genomes can lead failure emerging pathogens....