This report introduces the Global Collectivism Index (GCI) – a measure covering 99.9% of earth's population. The GCI includes six sub-scores (e.g., household living arrangements, ingroup favoritism). is very high in Sub-Saharan Africa, low Western Europe, and intermediate most other regions. Even after controlling for both national wealth technological sophistication, collectivism scores predict variables such as suicide rates, alcohol consumption, agricultural employment, valuing child...

Since mountain tunnels are generally surrounded by stable ground, their displacement during seismic activity tends to be minimized, making such structures less susceptible damage. Despite this, many railway have sustained damage, from the 1923 Kanto Earthquake 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu Earthquake. This paper provides an outline of historical damage in Japan and outlines results case studies on tunnels. Also outlined here is a classification patterns conditions based studies, we refer estimated...

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-chloropyrazines with indole was shown to proceed in moderate good yields, giving 2-(pyrazin-2-y1)indoles.The structure determination the products made on basis X-Ray diffraction and 1 3 ~-~~~ spectroscopic analyses.The coupling reactions indoles have been extensively investigated recent years .Among these reactions, allylation2 prompted us pay attention synthesis Cypridina luciferin .Recently, we reported simple procedures for introduction...

Given the importance of food presentation and childhood nutrition, we aimed to test degree which adults children might demonstrate different preferences for various ways in can be presented on plates.Twenty-three pre-teen 46 were individually full-size photos 48 combinations plates. The varied according seven dimensions (e.g. number items, placement entrée organization food).Contrary default assumption that parents share is plates, find have notably than adults. Most remarkably, show tended...

Do former high school athletes make better employees than nonathletes? Two studies examine how participation in competitive youth sports appears to be relevant for early-career job prospects as well late-in-life outcomes. In the short run, Study 1 shows that people expect student-athletes display significantly more leadership, self-confidence, and self-respect those who were active outside of sports—such being band or on yearbook staff. long 2 uses biodata discover men participated...

Arsenic exposure is clearly linked to human cancer. In rodent cells, arsenic has been reported induce aberrant gene expression, including activation of the proto-oncogene c-myc.Abnormal or altered expression such oncogenes can be involved in acquisition a malignant phenotype. Although its mechanism action unclear, known exert at least some toxic effects through interaction with sulfhydryl groups, and nonprotein glutathione (GSH) appears play an important role detoxication arsenic. Similarly,...

Physiological activation is thought to be a part of the constellation responses that accompany social anxiety, but evidence regarding nature such mixed. In two studies, relationship between trait anxiety and during interaction was explored using on-line cardiovascular indexes threat. Across Studies 1 2, women higher in exhibited consistent with greater threat than those lower anxiety. Retrospective self-reports (Studies 2), as well partner ratings behavior (Study also revealed differences...

OBJECTIVE To determine the secretion of insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin after oral glucose loading in healthy elderly subjects compared with middle-aged without obesity NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects fell into four groups: nonobese normal control (CNT group; n = 38, 40–64 years old); obese (OB 18, NIDDM (NIDDM 28, (OL 17, 65–92 old). Insulin, were determined by radioimmunoassay plasma samples taken at 0, 30, 60, 120 min during a 75-g tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS There no...

J. D. Brown and K. L. McGill (1989) found that positive life events were associated with better health only for people high in self-esteem. Among low self-esteem, poorer health. The authors of this study replicated finding a self-report survey 61 male 110 female college students. In addition, they showed implicit self-esteem moderated the relation between self-reported same fashion as explicit did. Whereas reported being healthier when experienced more events, fewer events. Moreover, effects...

This study addresses two questions about sub-packaging: (i) Do 100-calorie packages reduce the calorie intake of overweight individuals differently than normal-weight individuals? (ii) they enable to accurately track intake? Thirty-seven undergraduates were randomly given either four crackers or one 400-calorie package eat while watching television. The average participant ate 25.2% (75.1 calories) less when (P = 0.006). In addition, much this influence was driven by participants whose...

Background Fast food patronage is a frequent reality for many children and their parents. Although there are increasingly healthier alternatives popular menu items (apple slices instead of French fries), they infrequently selected. Objectives We investigated whether either two priming tactics – the role model's choices or healthy foods could influence to make fast choices. Methods In model condition, 22 (ranging in age from 6 12 years) were presented with photos admirable less models asked,...

We fed 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3 and 1% stevia extracts (95.2% purity) to 480 F344 rats for 22 months in the case of males 24 females. At 6 12 months, 10 animals each sex from group were sacrificed clinical pathological tests. The middle dose induced a slight growth retardation both sexes, but at high-dose was reduced only transiently. General appearance behavior same all groups, including control. Mortality end study given not significantly different that controls. variety changes found results...

Food is central to cross-cultural studies of behavior, thought, and symbolism. The way it presented people, however, can have a dramatic influence on how palatable perceived what eaten. Because this, issues food plating presentation are applied interest anyone who wishes the perceptions consumption prepared food. This includes chefs, marketers, parents. study examines two questions: (a) What these visual preferences plating, (b) How do they vary across cultures? To explore questions, we wide...

Abstract Objective Snacks, stress and parties all contribute to the weight gain – elusive ‘Freshman 15’ that some college-goers unfortunately experience. The present study examines how à la carte snack choice changes on a university campus during each progressing week of academic calendar. Design How choices change with calendar was examined. Setting data were collected from three large cafeterias (or dining halls) Cornell University's four semesters (Fall 2006, Spring 2007, Fall 2007 2008),...

Introduction A variety of psychological factors may influence weight gain among undergraduates. As one the that might such gain, this research introduces food conscientiousness, a behavioral tendency toward making healthier choices. Methods In Phase 1 study, we developed conscientiousness scale. 2, examined whether undergraduates demonstrated and it was smaller those high in conscientiousness. Results The results indicated college students (2 lbs, on average) during fall 2020 semester....

Past research has shown that promotional messages such as food advertising influence consumption. However, what gone largely unexplored is the effect of exercise on intake. This study experimentally tested effects exposure to commercials intake at a lunch meal compared control commercials. Prior eating lunch, 125 participants (71 women, 54 men) watched 8 commercials, either all related or fitness (n = 67) neutral products (i.e. car insurance) 58). The consisted pasta dish with tomato sauce,...

We tested predictions about religiosity and terror management processes in 16 nations. Specifically, we examined weekly variation Google search volume each nation for 12 years (all weeks which data were available). In all nations, higher than usual life-threatening illnesses (cancer, diabetes, hypertension) predicted increases religious content (e.g., God, Jesus, prayer) the following week. This effect held up after controlling (a) recent past annual volume, (b) associated with holidays, (c)...

While environmental and situational cues influence food intake, it is not always clear how they do so. We examine whether participants consume more when an eating occasion associated with meal than snack cues. expect their perception of the type to mediate amount eat. In addition, we effect those on intake be strongest among who are hungry. One-hundred twenty-two undergraduates (75 men, 47 women; mean BMI = 22.8, SD 3.38) were randomly assigned two experimental conditions in which offered...

With other factors such as general diet and insufficient exercise, eating non-nutrient dense snack foods potato chips contributes to childhood obesity. We examined whether children consumed fewer calories when offered high-nutrient snacks consisting of cheese vegetables than who were (ie, chips).Two hundred one (115 girls) entering the third sixth grades randomly assigned 1 4 snacking conditions: (1) only, (2) cheese-only, (3) (4) vegetables. Children allowed eat freely provided while...