A5026510296- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Evolution and Science Education
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Language and cultural evolution
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- dental development and anomalies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Anthropological Studies and Insights
- International Development and Aid
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Canadian Identity and History
- Medical and Biological Sciences
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
George Washington University
2016-2025
Government of Northwest Territories
2019
Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority
2018
GW Medical Faculty Associates
2017
University of North Georgia
2017
National Museum of Natural History
2001-2016
Smithsonian Institution
2001-2016
University College London
2000-2016
University of Kent
2016
The Royal Free Hospital
2016
Abstract The considerable variation in shape, size, structure and properties of the enamel cap covering mammalian teeth is a topic great evolutionary interest. No existing theories explain how such variations might be fit for purpose breaking food particles down. Borrowing from engineering materials science, we use principles fracture deformation solids to provide quantitative account may adapted diet. Particular attention paid mammals that feed on ‘hard objects’ as seeds dry fruits, outer...
Carbon isotope studies of early hominins from southern Africa showed that their diets differed markedly the extant apes. Only recently, however, has a major influx isotopic data eastern allowed for broad taxonomic, temporal, and regional comparisons among hominins. Before 4 Ma, had were dominated by C 3 resources were, in sense, similar to chimpanzees. By about 3.5 multiple hominin taxa began incorporating 13 C-enriched [C or crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)] foods highly variable carbon...
Hominin fossil evidence in the Turkana Basin Kenya from ca. 4.1 to 1.4 Ma samples two archaic early hominin genera and records some of evolutionary history Paranthropus Homo. Stable carbon isotopes tooth enamel are used estimate fraction diet derived C3 or C4 resources these taxa. The earliest species Basin, Australopithecus anamensis, nearly all its resources. Subsequently, by 3.3 Ma, later Kenyanthropus platyops had a very wide dietary range--from virtually purely resource-based one...
In this review of the evidence for and against taxic diversity within hominin clade, we begin by looking at logic history simple "ladder-like" interpretations fossil record. We then look record in a series time intervals use current published about first last appearance dates each taxon to decide whether species or specimens should be included one, more, intervals. Within interval, consider strength that more than one is sampled. Decisions taxonomic exists depend on what alpha hypotheses are...
1. Introduction 2. The modern human origins debate Part I. Multiregional Evolution as the Source of Human Cranial Diversity: 3. morphological basis multiregional model 4. regional expression East Asian and Australian continuity traits 5. Temporal distribution 'Regional Continuity Traits' in late Pleistocene hominids 6. independence 7. evolution source recent cranial diversity a review II. Modern Diversity from Single Ancestral Source: 8. variation Homo sapiens 9. Morphological...
Cladistic analysis of cranial and dental evidence has been widely used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses about humans their fossil relatives. However, the reliability these never subjected external validation. To rectify this, we applied identical methods equivalent from two groups extant higher primates for whom reliable molecular phylogenies are available, hominoids papionins. We found that based on craniodental data were incompatible with groups. Given robustness phylogenies, results...
The African Plio-Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved a distinctive craniofacial morphology that traditionally has been viewed dietary adaptation for feeding on either small, hard objects or large volumes of food. A historically influential interpretation this hypothesizes loads applied to the premolars during had profound influence evolution australopith form. Here, we test hypothesis using finite element analysis in conjunction with comparative, imaging, and experimental...
Abstract The size and shape of the basicranium (seen in norma basilaris) Homo, Gorilla, Pan, Pongo , Australopithecus have been studied by recording relative disposition midline bilateral bony landmarks. Fifteen linear measurements two angles were used to relate relatively longer narrower cranial base Pan is clearly contrasted with wider, shorter Homo sapiens. When same observations made on “robust” “gracile” australopithecine crania, marked differences found between taxa. In specimens,...
This study tests the hypothesis that there is a general pattern in growth of cranial base Homo sapiens ‘essentially neotenous’ [Gould, 1977]. Juvenile and adult crania sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes Pongo pygmaeus were studied cross-sectional curves for 10 measurements made on (as viewed norma basilaris) compared. The results this suggest relatively simple modifications to timing or are insufficient explain observed morphological differences between modern great apes.
Apart from molecular data, nearly all the evidence used to study primate relationships comes hard tissues. Here, we provide details of first parsimony and Bayesian cladistic analyses order Primates based exclusively on muscle data. The most parsimonious tree obtained analysis 166 characters taken head, neck, pectoral upper limb musculature is fully congruent with recent evolutionary Primates. That is, this recovers not only among major groups primates, i.e. Strepsirrhini {Tarsiiformes...