Pyruvate formate-lyase (acetyl-CoA:formate C-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.54) from anaerobic Escherichia coli cells converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and formate by a unique homolytic mechanism that involves free radical harbored in the protein structure. By EPR spectroscopy of selectively 13C-labeled enzyme, (g = 2.0037) has been assigned carbon-2 glycine residue. Estimated hyperfine coupling constants central 13C nucleus (A parallel 4.9 mT A perpendicular 0.1 mT) nuclei alpha beta positions...

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins constitute a class negative regulators for Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways. These intracellular are induced by signaling, but they can also be stimulation Toll-like receptors (TLR). It has even been suggested that SOCS important TLR signaling. Here we have elucidated the nature regulatory role in Induction SOCS-3 cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing protein (CIS) was strictly dependent on...

In the dentate gyrus - a key component of spatial memory circuits granule cells (GCs) are known to be morphologically diverse and display heterogeneous activity profiles during behavior. To resolve structure-function relationships, we juxtacellularly recorded labeled single GCs in freely moving rats. We found that vast majority neurons were silent exploration. Most active displayed characteristic spike waveform, fired at low rates showed activity. Primary dendritic parameters sufficient for...

The active form of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) from Escherichia coli contains a glycyl radical in position 734 the polypeptide chain which is produced post-translationally by formate-lyase-activating enzyme (PFL activase) using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and dihydroflavodoxin as co-substrates (Wagner, A.F. V., Frey, M., Neugebauer, F.A., Schafer, W., Knappe, J. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 996-1000). Studying synthesis with [2-2H]glycine-labeled PFL, we have now found...

Abstract Bacterial DNA containing motifs of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG-DNA) triggers innate immune cells through the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like 9 (TLR-9). CpG-DNA possesses potent immunostimulatory effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. Therefore, contributes to inflammation during course bacterial infections. In contrast other TLR-dependent microbial patterns, is a strong inductor IL-12. Thus, it acts as Th1-polarizing agent that can be utilized...

Neurons coding for head-direction are crucial spatial navigation. Here we explored the cellular basis of in rat dorsal presubiculum (PreS). We found that layer2 is composed two principal cell populations (calbindin-positive and calbindin-negative neurons) which targeted contralateral PreS retrosplenial cortex, respectively. Layer3 pyramidal neurons projected to medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). By juxtacellularly recording awake rats during passive-rotation, responses were preferentially...

Abstract Viewing behavior provides a window into many central aspects of human cognition and health, it is an important variable interest or confound in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. To make eye tracking freely widely available for MRI research, we developed DeepMReye, convolutional neural network (CNN) that decodes gaze position from the signal eyeballs. It performs cameraless at subimaging temporal resolution held-out participants with little training data across...

Abstract The brain derives cognitive maps from sensory experience that guide memory formation and behavior. Despite extensive efforts, it still remains unclear how the underlying population activity unfolds during spatial navigation relates to performance. To examine these processes, we combined 7T-fMRI with a kernel-based encoding model of virtual map world-centered directional tuning across human cortex. First, present an in-depth analysis in visual, retrosplenial, parahippocampal medial...

Abstract The Barker model of the in utero origins diminished muscle mass those born small invokes adaptive “sparing” brain tissue development at expense muscle. Though compelling, to date this has not been directly tested. This article develops an allometric framework for testing principal prediction model—that among is sacrificed spare growth—then evaluates hypothesis using data from third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). results indicate clear support a...

Rapid progress in technologies such as calcium imaging and electrophysiology has seen a dramatic increase the size extent of neural recordings. Even so, interpretation this data requires considerable knowledge about nature representation often depends on manual operations. Decoding provides means to infer information content recordings but typically highly processed prior encoding scheme. Here, we developed deep-learning framework able decode sensory behavioral variables directly from...

Abstract Microbial stimuli activate cells of the innate immune system by triggering Toll‐like receptors (TLR). Activation macrophages and dendritic is further enhanced secondary signals like IFN‐γ. Here we analyzed interplay IFN‐γ TLR signaling in system. Using a STAT1‐dependent reporter construct show that can be as well inhibited simultaneous stimulation with either defined agonists or whole‐bacterial lysates. Short costimulation resulted amplification was attributable to p38...

Serum autoantibodies against the p53 protein (p53 AAb) were analysed with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on highly purified and renatured p53. In hospital-based cohort study, preoperative sera from 113 patients ovarian cancer, 15 borderline tumours 117 benign of ovaries studied. The prevalence AAb in invasive cancer was 19% (21/113). No found lesions or tumours. ELISA had specificity for malignancy 99% (1 117; false-positive patient severe diabetes...

No standardized biomaterial exists for the surgical treatment of persistent corneal erosions and ulcerations. We analyzed suitability biocompatibility defined noncross-linked UV/riboflavin cross-linked equine type I collagen membranes reconstruction surface. Isolated human oral mucosa epithelial cells, a cell in clinical use ocular surface diseases, were subcultivated on both types examined concerning adhesion, proliferation, differentiation. Biocompatibility was evaluated following...

To support navigation, the firing of head direction (HD) neurons must be tightly anchored to external space. Indeed, inputs from landmarks can rapidly reset preferred HD cells. Landmark stimuli have often been simulated as excitatory “visual cells” (encoding landmark information) attractor network; when visual are sufficiently strong, directions switch abruptly location. In present work, we tested whether mimicking such via juxtacellular stimulation would sufficient for shifting tuning...

Abstract A firm link between small size at birth and later more centralized fat patterning has been established in previous research. Relationships shortened interbirth intervals suggest that maternal energetic prioritization may be an important, but unexplored determinant of offspring patterning. Potential adaptive advantages to storage (Baker et al., 2008 : In: Trevathan W, McKenna J, Smith EO, editors. Evolutionary Medicine Health: New Perspectives. York: Oxford) relationships with...

Abstract The brain derives cognitive maps from sensory experience that guide memory formation and behavior. Despite extensive efforts, it still remains unclear how the underlying population activity relates to active behavior performance. To examine these processes, we here combined 7T-fMRI with a kernel-based encoding model of virtual navigation map world-centered directional tuning across human cortex. First, present an in-depth analysis in visual, retrosplenial, parahippocampal medial...