IN discourse synthesis readers become writers, creating new texts by selecting, organizing, and connecting content from source texts. In this study of synthesis, accomplished less in the 6th, 8th, 10th grades U.S. schools were given a report-writing task. Over 3-day period their English/language arts classes, 60 students wrote informational reports composed they selected three (encyclopedia articles on single topic) as well added. Text analyses showed differences associated with both reading...

An animal's nutritional status depends on (1) nutrient accessibility, (2) demand, and (3) physiological, metabolic, morphological, behavioral compensations that avert or minimize discrepancies, if any, between the first two. The main thesis of this essay is diversity potency such compensatory mechanisms have often been underrated, hence frequency intensity stress in free-living animals exaggerated. This theme explored conjunction with an inventory modes compensation for actual potential...

The apparent nutrient and energy costs of moult in Gambel's Sparrows estimated from the materials deposited integument are relatively mild compared with maintenance requirements (5.3% BMR, 45% minimum requirement for protein (MMRP)) those reproduction (34% BMR 165% MMRP), except perhaps cystine. Measures actual indicate that processes addition to plumage synthesis combine create daily peak equaling 58% BMR. These include (1) recrudescence integument, (2) a cyclic osteoporosis, (3) large diel...

ABSTRACT Data from 12 bird species reveal that skin surface area averages 23 % larger than the external of plumage. Use instead plumage may produce large errors in heattransfer analyses.

BIOENERGETICS OF FAT DEPOSITION 131in each cage were detected separately by an Esterline-Angus operations recorder and impulse counter.A numerical total of perch movements was recorded for hour the day.A continuous graphic index movement within thus available.These data clearly do not yield absolute measurement activity, but they give activity as a fraction activity.For individual birds this is relatively constant fraction.Shortly after confinement to small cages de-TABLE 1

In White-crowned Sparrows wintering in southeastern Washington, there is an inverse correlation between the quantity of body fat and mean air temperature below about 3 C. Between C 9 reserves are independent temperature. Because seasonal variation fat-free weight this species, total not a highly reliable index lipid reserves. A review published data indicates that winter fattening common phenomenon small birds which cold habitats or high latitudes, although exceptions can be found species...

The Relationship of Fat Deposition to Zugunruhe and Migration Get access James R. King, King Department Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Donald S. Farner Condor, Volume 65, Issue 3, 1 May 1963, Pages 200–223, https://doi.org/10.2307/1365665 Published: 01 1963

In Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii there is a striking deposition of fat in subcutaneous and visceral depots following prenuptial molt preceding beginning vernal migration. During the last 2 weeks April, natural populations, mean lipid indices increase from about 5% to more than 20%. A similar premigratory occurs captive birds under conditions photoperiod temperature. Similarly these this followed by development migratory behavior (Zugunruhe). Measurements metabolizable energy intake show...

Journal Article Annual Gonadal Cycles and Pituitary Gonadotropins in Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii Get access James R. King, King Department of Zoology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. (Follett's present address: The Leeds, England; address Farner Morton: University Washington, Seattle, Washington.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Brian K. Follett, Follett Donald S. Farner, Martin L. Morton Condor, Volume 68, Issue 5, 1 September...

The author and a group of male primary grade teachers tell their stories offer in-depth descriptions what it means for them to teach young children. Analyzing discussions, the text examines gender, childhood, sexuality caring in relation teaching.

During winter, ground-feeding bird species may occasionally be forced to fast when weather conditions (e.g., snowstorms, icing) make food temporarily inaccessible. To describe the response of White-crowned Sparrows fasting, we (1) investigated variations body weight and temperature in fasting fed birds confined a cold room for up 64 h, (2) periodically measured oxygen consumption locomotor activity through 39-h night/day/night cycle while simulating natural daylength. Our data indicate that...

It has often been alleged that avian molt can be interrupted or delayed by food deprivation malnutrition. We examined this experimentally in captive White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). Beginning either at the natural onset of postnuptial 1 month before its onset, groups birds were fed inadequate amounts a balanced diet (60 80% ad libitum intake control group) unlimited deficient only cyst(e)ine and methionine. Except 60% premolt group, malnourished did not postpone...

A general model of animal heat exchange is modified for the special case an incubating bird and applied to data describing microclimate nest/clutch/parent complex mountain white-crowned sparrow in southeastern Oregon. Heat mainly dependent upon meteorological factors measured thermal resistances nest bird's body. It relatively insensitive variation a number less exactly quantified factors, such as eggs brood patch. Resting energy expenditure estimated typical 24-h cycle found average 15%...