Multiple clinical and preclinical studies have reported a signal intensity increase the presence of gadolinium (Gd) in brain after repeated administration Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). This bioanalytical study rat tissue was initiated to investigate whether residual Gd is present as intact GBCA or other chemical forms by using fractionation chromatography.Rats were divided randomly 6 groups 10 animals each. They received daily injections 2.5 mmol/kg bodyweight 1 5 different GBCAs: linear...

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Copilot have led to their integration into various educational domains, including software development education. Regular use of LLMs the learning process is still not well-researched; thus, this paper intends fill gap. The explores nuanced impact informal LLM usage on undergraduate students’ outcomes education, focusing React applications. We carefully designed an experiment involving thirty-two participants over ten weeks...

Retrospective studies in patients with primary brain tumors or other central nervous system pathologies as well postmortem have suggested that gadolinium (Gd) deposition occurs the dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) after multiple administrations of primarily linear Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). However, this has not been associated any adverse effects histopathological alterations. The aim preclinical study was to systematically examine differences between macrocyclic GBCAs...

In this prospective preclinical study, we evaluated T1-weighted signal intensity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) and globus pallidus (GP) up to 24 days after repeated administration of linear macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) using homologous imaging evaluation methods as recently published retrospective clinical studies. a second part cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces were for enhancement by fluid-attenuated magnetic resonance (MRI).

Signal hyperintensity on unenhanced MRI in certain brain regions has been reported after multiple administrations of some, but not all, gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). One potential initial pathway GBCA entry into the brain, infiltration from blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), was systematically evaluated this preclinical study. and distribution CSF were investigated healthy rats using repeated fluid-attenuated up to 4 h high-dose (1.8 mmol/kg) administration six marketed one...

Purpose To investigate the long-term course of MRI signal intensity (SI) changes and presence gadolinium in rat brain during a 1-year period after multiple administrations gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials Methods Rats received linear GBCA (gadodiamide, gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine), macrocyclic (gadobutrol, gadoterate meglumine, gadoteridol), or saline. Animals eight injections over 2 weeks (1.8 mmol/kg per injection). Brain measurements were performed...

Objectives: To assess the impact of low kilo-electronvolt (keV) virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) energies and iterative reconstruction on quality clinical photon-counting detector coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Methods: CCTA with PCD-CT (prospective ECG-triggering, 120 kVp, automatic tube current modulation) was performed in a high-end cardiovascular phantom dynamic flow, pulsatile heart motion, including different calcified plaques various stenosis grades 10 consecutive patients. VMI at...

Forty-seven subjects 65 to 80 years of age, whom 20 were demented and 27 normal, studied by computed tomography. Volumetric indices ventricular (V%) sulcal size (S%) determined pixel counts without knowledge clinical status. V% was 5.30 (+/- 1.92) for the controls 10.46 4.78) subjects. S% 6.14 2.51) 10.61 3.32) In each case, differences between two groups significant (P less than 0.0001). When a subsample 29 scans analyzed using linear volumetric measurements, measurements showed pronounced...

Very short acquisition times and the increasing use of low-kilovolt protocols in standard computed tomographic (CT) angiography (CTA) examinations demand modifications contrast media (CM) injection regimen. The aim this study was to optimize tube voltage-adjusted CM delivery parameters, especially duration iodine rate (IDR), thoracoabdominal CTA a porcine model.Eight pigs (53-72 kg) were examined with third-generation dual-source CT system dynamic protocol (4-dimensional spiral, 454-mm scan...

Context: With business process modelling, companies and organizations can gain explicit control over their processes. Currently, there are many notations in the area of where Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) is denoted as de facto standard. Aims: The aim this research to provide state-of-the-art results addressing acceptance BPMN, while also examining purposes its usage. Furthermore, advantages, disadvantages other interests related BPMN were investigated. Method: To achieve these...

The glymphatic system is a recently hypothesized waste clearance of the brain in which perivascular space constitutes pathway similar to lymphatic other body regions. Sleep and anesthesia are reported influence activity system. Because rats nocturnal animals, expected be more active during day. We attempted elucidate for intravenously injected gadodiamide rat by 2 experiments. One was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment evaluate short-term dynamics signal intensity changes after...

Purpose The relaxivities of 3 macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) were determined in human plasma and blood under standardized clinically relevant laboratory conditions. Methods T 1 relaxivity, r1, was at 1.5, 3, 7 T, 37°C phantoms containing 4 different concentrations the GBCAs gadobutrol, gadoteridol, gadoterate. An inversion recovery turbo spin echo sequence used to generate images with several times. 1-times obtained by fitting signal intensities equation. r1 a...

The aim of this report was to characterize the key physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties gadoquatrane (BAY 1747846), a newly designed tetrameric, macrocyclic, extracellular gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) with high relaxivity stability.The r1-relaxivities tetrameric at 1.41 3.0 T were determined in human plasma nuclear relaxation dispersion profiles water plasma. complex stability analyzed serum over 21 days pH 7.4 37°C compared linear...

Background: The low clinically approved doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) do not generate sufficient enhancement on CT for diagnostic purposes. Photon-counting detector (PCD) offers improved spectral resolution and could potentially enable visualization hepatocyte-specific GBCA given their associated high gadolinium concentrations within hepatocytes. Objective: To investigate the potential gadoxetate disodium in combination with PCD low-keV VMI reconstructions to achieve an...

Objectives Calcified plaques induce blooming artifacts in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) potentially leading to inaccurate stenosis evaluation. Tungsten represents a high atomic number, experimental contrast agent with different physical properties than iodine. We explored the potential of tungsten-based for photon-counting detector (PCD) CCTA heavily calcified vessels. Materials and Methods A cardiovascular phantom exhibiting coronaries was imaged on first-generation...

Commercially available iodinated contrast media (CM) show significantly different physico-chemical properties. The relevance of the viscosity CM may be underestimated as a contributing factor for clinically relevant renal failure suggested by large registry data analysis (Swedish study). objective this preclinical study is to assess differences low and high-viscous regarding their retention time in kidney. Furthermore, we investigated expression marker genes damage hypoxia evaluate potential...

Several publications suggest a potential association between the administration of Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and onset rare but serious disease, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF). The aim this study was to determine elimination time-course Gadolinium (Gd) from skin tissue after application GBCAs in rats. Seven different marketed were injected on five consecutive days at dose 2.5 mmol/kg bodyweight into tail vein Han-Wistar rats Gd concentrations determined by Inductively...

Objective: The iodinated contrast agents (CAs) that are currently used in radiographic procedures possess special physicochemical properties and a high safety profile; however, according to large retrospective study (Swedish registry), the viscosity of CAs may have an underestimated impact on renal failure. aim our was investigate possible consequences CA differences, such as retention kidney. Material Methods: Five Göttingen minipigs were each intravenously injected crossover setting at...

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the gadolinium (Gd) concentration in different brain areas a pig cohort that received repeated administration Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) at standard doses over several years, comparable with clinical setting.Brain tissue collected from 13 Göttingen mini pigs had intravenous injections gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; Magnevist) and/or gadobutrol (Gadovist). animals have been included preclinical imaging studies since 2008 and...

The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the potential combine investigational contrast media with spectrally optimized energy-thresholding photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCCT) for subtraction calcified plaques in a coronary artery stenosis phantom.A small vessel phantom containing 3 fillable tubes (diameter, mm each) placed into an anthropomorphic chest phantom. had incremental thicknesses ranging from 0.3 2.7 mm, simulating stenoses 10% 90% lumen diameter. filled...

Nonionic iodinated contrast agents (CAs) can be divided into monomeric, low-osmolar, and dimeric, iso-osmolar classes. In clinical practice, renal tolerance of CAs is a concern, especially in patients with impaired function. With regard to safety, we wanted evaluate the role osmolality viscosity tolerance.We generated formulation (iodixanol/mannitol) consisting dimeric iodixanol an monomeric iopromide. Male Han-Wistar rats were intravenously injected low-osmolar iopromide 300, 320,...