A5077336861- Global Health Care Issues
- Economic Growth and Productivity
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
- Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Economic theories and models
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Economic Policies and Impacts
- Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Merger and Competition Analysis
- Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Economic Theory and Institutions
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Vienna Institute of Demography
2016-2025
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
2015-2025
University of Vienna
2009-2024
University of the West
2024
University of Nigeria
2024
International University
2024
Kisii University
2024
Universidad Nacional de Piura
2024
International Science Council
2024
Radboud University Nijmegen
2024
BackgroundRoad injuries are among the ten leading causes of death worldwide and also impede economic wellbeing macroeconomic performance. Beyond medical data on incidence road their resulting morbidity mortality, a detailed understanding implications is prerequisite for sound, evidence-based policy making. We aimed to determine global costs traffic cross-country distribution.MethodsWe calculated burden all traffic-related 166 countries by use model that accounts effect fatal non-fatal labour...
BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and imposes a substantial economic burden. Gaining thorough understanding implications COPD an important prerequisite for sound, evidence-based policy making. We aimed to estimate macroeconomic burden each country establish its distribution across world regions.MethodsIn this health-augmented modelling study we estimated 204 countries territories over period 2020–50. The model accounted (1)...
Visual inspection of world maps shows that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is less prevalent in countries closer to the equator, where heat and humidity tend be higher. Scientists disagree how interpret this observation because relationship between COVID-19 climatic conditions may confounded by many factors. We regress logarithm confirmed cases per million inhabitants a country against country's distance from controlling for key confounding factors: air travel, vehicle concentration,...
We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics pandemics since late twentieth century. First, we cover role health in driving economic growth well-being standard frameworks for assessing burden infectious diseases. Second, sketch a general theoretical framework to evaluate trade-offs policy makers must consider when addressing diseases their repercussions. In so doing, emphasize dependence consequences (i) disease characteristics; (ii) inequalities among...
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) severely threaten the wellbeing of older people, their families, communities, especially with projected exponential growth. Understanding macroeconomic implications ADODs for policy making is essential but under-researched.
We develop and calibrate a dynamic production function model to assess how noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) will affect U.S. productive capacity in 2015–2050. In this framework, aggregate output is produced according human capital–augmented that accounts for the effects of projected disease prevalence. NCDs influence economy through following pathways: 1) when working-age individuals die disease, undergoes direct loss because physical capital can only partially substitute process. 2) If...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) afflicts 200,000 patients annually with a mortality rate of 30% to 60% despite wide use low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation, the present standard care. High-permeability alveolar edema and instability occur early in development ARDS, before clinical signs lung injury, represent potential targets for therapy. We hypothesize that application protective ventilation strategy (airway pressure release [APRV]) will stabilize alveoli reduce edema, preventing...
The positive cross-country correlation between health and economic growth is well-established, but the underlying mechanisms are complex difficult to discern. Three issues of central concern. First, assessing disentangling causality empirically challenging. Second, relation changes over process development. Third, different dimensions (mortality vs. morbidity, children's women's health, at older ages) may have effects.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich MSC and a physically large tissue that generally discarded following birth. Placenta an ideal starting material the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses allogeneic MSC. The fetomaternal organ from which either fetal or maternal can isolated. This article describes placental anatomy procedure...
Established acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often refractory to treatment. Clinical trials have demonstrated modest treatment effects, and mortality remains high. Ventilator strategies must be developed prevent ARDS.Early ventilatory intervention will block progression ARDS if the ventilator mode (1) maintains alveolar stability (2) reduces pulmonary edema formation.Yorkshire pigs (38-45 kg) were anesthetized subjected a "two-hit" ischemia-reperfusion peritoneal sepsis. After...
Abstract: We assess Africa's prospects for enjoying a demographic dividend. While fertility rates and dependency ratios in Africa remain high, they have started to decline. According UN projections, will fall further the coming decades such that by mid-21st century, ratio of working age dependent population be greater than Asia, Europe, Northern America. This projection suggests has considerable potential enjoy Whether when it actually materializes, also its magnitude, hinges on policies...
We study the impact of health insurance expansion on medical spending, longevity and welfare in an OLG economy which individuals purchase care to lower mortality progress is profit-driven. Three sectors are considered: final goods production; a sector, selling services individuals; R&D increasingly effective technology sector. calibrate model development US economy/health system from 1965 2005 numerically expansion. find that more extensive accounts for large share rise spending but also...
Abstract We analyse the economic consequences for poor countries of investing in female health within a unified growth model featuring health-related gender differences productivity. Better accelerates demographic transition and thereby take-off towards sustained growth. By contrast, male improvements delay because they tend to raise fertility. However, households prefer over imply larger static utility gain. This highlights existence dynamic trade-off between short-run interests long-run...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the importance of strong and resilient health systems. Yet how much a society should spend on healthcare is difficult to determine because additional expenditures imply lower other types consumption. Furthermore, welfare-maximizing ("efficient") aggregate amount composition depend efficiency concepts at three levels that often get blurred in debate. While understanding good micro- meso-levels-that is, relating minimal spending for...
High-income countries have generally experienced falling fertility in recent decades. In most of these countries, the total rate is now below level that implies a stable population long run. This has led to concerns among economists, policymakers, and wider public about economic consequences low decline. this contribution, we aim (a) describe main determinants high-income (b) assess its potential consequences, (c) discuss adjustment mechanisms for individuals economies, (d) propose simple...
Smoking causes health problems for individuals and imposes a sizable macroeconomic burden on countries. As the world's leading tobacco producer consumer, China is at epicenter of this crisis. However, no studies have examined all relevant noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to or secondhand smoke exposure. We assessed how tobacco-attributable NCDs affect China's productive capacity estimated that these would impose total cost 16.7 trillion yuan (US$2.3 trillion, in constant 2018...