From the viewpoint of combating global warming in Japan, measures to reduce emissions from activities involved daily life have been accelerated concurrence with efforts made industrial sector save energy. As one such measure, reduction energy consumption waterworks and sewer systems by reducing volume water used housing is gaining attention; for conversion saving into CO2 credit domestic system are also being examined. To address development saving, it was necessary determine emission factor...

Until now, as a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Japanese homes, the emphasis has been on reduction energy consumption for air-conditioning and lighting. In recent years, there progress in CO2 emission through research into water-saving performance bathroom fixtures such toilets showers. Simulations have shown that associated with water homes can be reduced by 25% (1% Japan’s total emissions) 2020 adoption use fixtures. response to this finding, program promote replacement...

Abstract Storm water runoff from urban roadways contains anthropogenic pollutants, which are mainly generated traffic-related activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics pollutants roadway as well first flush effects. sampled during five storm events experimental site in Otsu, Shiga, Japan. From hydrographs and pollutographs for runoff, concentration increased with increasing flow low rate event, but did not significantly increase high event. Moreover, according...

From the standpoint of preservation water resources, rainwater and reclaimed have been widely used in buildings many countries. However, CO2 emission factors these two waters—factors that determine their environmental impacts—have not calculated. In a previous study, factor for waterworks sewer systems was determined. this paper, we evaluate same manner. First, pumping is determined using published values operating performances. About half residential dwellings Japan are multistory...

This study was conducted as part of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Japanese Ministry Economy, Trade and Industry, Environment project’s preparation in Vietnam. Samples were taken from hot cold water supplies guest rooms’ faucets 12 hotels Hanoi city, Vietnam, 13 Japan for comparison. A simple quality measurement determination Legionella carried out. The results showed that residual effective chlorine—which guarantees bactericidal properties—was not detected tap supplied hotel rooms...

Four advanced sewage treatments (sand filtration, ozone/hydrogen peroxide treatment (AOP), microfiltration (MF), and reverse osmosis (RO)) were compared in terms of their capability to reduce estrogenicity, genotoxicity, acute toxicity, assuming portable reuse the effluents. Yeast estrogen screening an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that both overall estrogenicity 17β-estradiol concentration significantly reduced by RO AOP (removals more than 97 % achieved) while sand filtration...

A new biological nutrient removal process, anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (A/O/A) system using denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), was proposed. To attain excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery, the A/O/A equipped with ozonation tank adsorption column operated for 92 days, water quality of effluent, efficiency, recovery efficiency were evaluated. As a result, TOC, T-N T-P 85%, 70% respectively, throughout operating period. These slightly lower efficiencies than...

The purpose of this study was to construct a scheme that makes it possible compare the relationship between water usage, satisfaction, and physical properties in three countries. shower were measured using testing apparatus water-saving standard or for showerheads issued several countries data users satisfaction evaluation acquired through bathing experiments. In paper, we analyzed result from Taiwanese Vietnamese individuals them Japanese subjects previous study. We compared showers...

For the purpose of selecting or developing appropriate inorganic membranes for methane fermentation membrane bioreactors, relationship between surface charge and filtration characteristics methanogenic waste was examined. The zeta potential alumina with 0.5 μm pores controlled to negative, zero positive, respectively, in by treatment. Cross-flow experiments showed that negatively charged had twice flux positively when fed at 3.0 m·s–1. And it found influence on resulted from hydraulic...

In a previous study, we showed that widespread adoption of water-saving equipment had the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 1% in Japan. The usage already diffused was used as an evaluation baseline. This model developed countries. order evaluate benefits developing countries, it is necessary set baseline, cities countries are expected have infrastructure place near future. this paper, for reducing water saving Vietnam evaluated. Based on development infrastructure, and envisioning...

Water saving is a key issue in rapidly developing countries, such as Vietnam, that face various water resource management challenges. This study investigated water-use patterns hotel Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam. It aimed to quantify the efficiency of water-saving devices through modeling toilet and shower usage patterns, including consumption. The shift hourly consumption cold hot was also identified. Analysis revealed that, on average, full flush occurs 3.3 times/day, half 3.0 due 48.1 L/day,...

メタン発酵液の膜透過流束への膜物性の影響を調べるため, 膜抵抗Rm, 膜細孔径, 表面電荷を各々制御した管状アルミナ膜を用いて濾過実験を行い, 膜透過流束を測定した.Rmを制御した膜の膜透過流束は, 膜抵抗が最大の細孔径0.01μm膜を除いて各膜で同じ値を示した.この, 膜抵抗の影響を受けない膜透過流束値は濾過圧力の影響も受けないこともわかった.これらの結果はゲル層モデルで説明できた.膜透過流束には, 表面電荷といった膜物性が影響する.これは, 膜物性の影響を受ける目詰まり, 吸着に起因する透過抵抗Rpが膜透過流束を制限するためとして説明されている.この膜透過流束への膜物性の影響もゲル層モデルで説明できることがわかった.Rpが濾過開始時に形成されることを考慮すれば, 膜物性に起因する (Rm+Rp) が限界流束より求まる濾過抵抗RLを超える場合にのみ膜透過流束が膜物性の影響を受け限界流束より低下すると考えられた.

In Vietnam, the rapid expansion of cities is exceeding supply capacity for water and electricity, restrictions on blackouts occur a daily basis. this study, authors examined whether water-saving equipment could solve these problems. This paper focused toilet bowls that consumed large amount water, showers which heat consumption was high. main source electric heater, typically having power 2500–4500 W. Although current diffusion rate such heaters just 13%, their use will spread widely in...

As part of measures being taken against global warming, the reduction CO2 emissions by retrofitting for water-saving fittings in homes is spreading throughout world. However, although this reduces environmental impact at use stage, it generates new impacts production and disposal stages. In addition, there has been little research that discusses obtained from viewpoint overall life cycle such fittings. paper, an evaluation terms entire was carried out toilet bowls showerheads. The findings...

Alumina membranes were modified by the chemical treatment using trimethylchlorosilane (TMS), octadecyldimethylchlorosilane (ODS), γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) and 1, 3-propane sultone (PS) to control zeta potential surface free energy. Silane coupling agents such as TMS, ODS γ-APS reacted with hydroxyl groups of alumina membrane formed Al-O-Si bondings. PS was also incorporated into Al-O-C Reacted amounts estimated -3 molecules/nm2 elemental analysis, whereas found be 1.0 OH/nm2...