Classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (EM) a major factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies functional focus on species with low EM. This bias may cause overestimation the influence senescent declines performance over condition-dependent demographic processes across taxa. To simultaneously investigate roles senescence (FS) intrinsic, high predation risk nature, we compared age trajectories body mass (BM) wild captive grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus)...

Personality-dependent space use and movement might be crucially influencing ecological interactions, giving way to individual niche specialization. This new approach challenges classical theory with potentially great consequences, but so far has only scarce empirical support. Here, we investigated if how consistent inter-individual differences in behavior predict patterns free-ranging bank voles (Myodes glareolus) thereby contribute Individuals were captured marked from three different...

Despite increasing interest, animal personality is still a puzzling phenomenon. Several theoretical models have been proposed to explain intraindividual consistency and interindividual variation in behaviour, which primarily supported by qualitative data simulations. Using an empirical approach, I tested predictions of one main life-history hypothesis, posits that consistent individual differences behaviour are favoured trade-off between current future reproduction. Data on were collected...

Summary Phenotypic flexibility is a major mechanism in compensating climate‐driven changes resource availability. Heterotherms can use daily torpor to overcome shortages and adverse environmental conditions. The expression of this adaptive energy‐saving strategy varies among individuals, but the factors constraining individual remain largely unknown. As energy availability depends on stores and/or ability acquire food, propensity are expected be constrained by body condition size,...

Abstract Animal movements arise from complex interactions of individuals with their environment, including both conspecific and heterospecific individuals. Animals may be attracted to each other for mating, social foraging, or information gain, keep at a distance others avoid aggressive encounters related to, e.g., interference competition, territoriality, predation. With modern tracking technology, more datasets are emerging that allow investigate fine‐scale between free‐ranging movement...

Abstract A fundamental focus of current ecological and evolutionary research is to illuminate the drivers animals’ success in coping with human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). Behavioural adaptations are likely play a major role HIREC because behaviour largely determines how individuals interact their surroundings. substantial body reports behavioural modifications urban dwellers compared rural conspecifics. However, it often unknown whether observed phenotypic divergence due...

Abstract A fundamental question of current ecological research concerns the drives and limits species responses to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). Behavioural HIREC are a key component because behaviour links individual population community changes. Ongoing fast urbanization provides an ideal setting test functional role for HIREC. Consistent behavioural differences between conspecifics (animal personality) may be important determinants or constraints animals’ adaptation...

Intraspecific trait variation is an important determinant of fundamental ecological interactions. Many these interactions are mediated by behaviour. Therefore, interindividual differences in behaviour should contribute to individual niche specialization. Comparable with morphological traits, behavioural differentiation between individuals limit similarity among competitors and thus act as a mechanism maintaining within-species niches facilitating species coexistence. Here, we aimed test...

Step-selection models are widely used to study animals’ fine-scale habitat selection based on movement data. Resource preferences and patterns, however, often depend the animal’s unobserved behavioral states, such as resting or foraging. As this is ignored in standard (integrated) step-selection analyses (SSA, iSSA), different approaches have emerged account for states analysis. The performance of these consequences ignoring analysis, rarely been quantified. We evaluate recent idea combining...

Understanding the co-occurrence of ecologically similar species remains a puzzling issue in community ecology. The species-rich mouse lemurs (Microcebus spec.) are distributed over nearly all remaining forest areas Madagascar with high variability distribution patterns. Locally, many congeneric pairs seem to co-occur, but only little detailed information on spatial patterns is available. Here, we present results an intensive capture-mark-recapture study sympatric Microcebus berthae and M....

Abstract Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals. Individual strategies to acquire, process, store use information solve cognitive tasks are likely affect speed flexibility learning, ecologically relevant decisions regarding risk. Theory suggests functional link between individual variation style behaviour (animal personality) via speed-accuracy risk-reward trade-offs. We tested whether personality posed by exposed 21 bank voles ( Myodes...

The socio-ecological model (SEM) links ecological factors with characteristics of social systems and allows predictions about the relationships between resource distribution, type competition organisation. It has been mainly applied to group-living species but ought explain variation in organisation solitary as well. aim this study was test basic SEM two primates, which differ female association patterns: (1) spatial ranging (2) sleeping associations. Beginning August 2002, we regularly...

Summary Given fundamental energetic trade‐offs among growth, maintenance and reproduction, individual differences in energy saving should have consequences for survival reproductive success. Many endotherms use periodic heterothermy to reduce water requirements variation fitness consequences. However, attempts disentangle individual‐ population‐level are scarce. Here, we quantified patterns of 55 free‐ranging eastern chipmunks ( Tamias striatus ), food‐hoarding hibernators. Over five...

Hibernation is a widespread adaptation in animals to seasonally changing environmental conditions. In the face of global anthropogenic change, information about plastic adjustments conditions and associated mortality costs are urgently needed assess population persistence hibernating species. Here, we used five‐year data set 1047 RFID‐tagged individuals from two bat species, Myotis nattereri daubentonii that were automatically recorded each time they entered or left hibernaculum. Because...

Wild animals face the challenge of locating feeding sites distributed across broad spatial and temporal scales. Spatial memory allows to find a goal, such as productive patch, even when there are no goal-specific sensory cues available. Because is little experimental information on learning capabilities in free-ranging primates, aim this study was test whether grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), short-term dietary specialists, rely relocating sites. In addition, we asked what kind...

Abstract The relationships between resource distribution, type of competition, and consequences for social organization have been formalized in the socioecological model (SEM) which predicts that ecological factors are main determinants female distribution. We tested this basic prediction two solitary primates ( Microcebus berthae M. murinus ) differ association patterns. Using stable nitrogen carbon isotope data hair samples food sources we quantified inter‐specific differences diet. δ 13 C...

Group-living has been recognized as one of the major transitions in evolution. Male sociality along with solitary females is rare mammals, but it can provide unique insights into evolution and cooperation. Because males compete each other over females, male cooperation mammals explained by joint defense against males. Here, we demonstrate that benefits cooperative hunting play a role shaping sociality. By quantifying differences morphology, activity, diet, mating success, show Madagascar's...