The phase change of a liquid into vapor results in sharp volume expansion, generating powerful driving force, which is fundamental for the operation pulsating heat pipes (PHPs). However, performance PHPs hindered by instability arising from lack directional control over expansion process. In this work, we propose PHP incorporating thermal-to-mechanical energy conversion (TMC) microstructures, direct TMC controlling desired directions, thereby more efficiently utilizing force. Two designs...

An algorithm is devised to obtained exact travelling wave solutions of differential-different equations by means hyperbolic function. For illustration, we apply the method solve discrete nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional Toda lattice equation and discretized mKdV successfully constructed some explicit solutions.

In this paper, the discrete mKdV lattice is solved by using modified Jacobian elliptic function expansion method. As a consequence, abundant families of solutions are obtained. When modulus m→1, these periodic degenerate to corresponding solitary wave solutions, including bell-type and kink-type excitations.

The [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy are first constructed. One soliton molecule satisfies velocity resonance condition, breather with periodic solitary wave, lump localized in all directions space showed successively for text]. Interaction one and a line soliton, hybrid breather/lump presented Moreover, elastic interaction between two-soliton molecules, molecule, collision also derived text] by applying resonance, module wave...

The microstructure, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties of vanadium-doped Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics have been investigated. V substitution is found to cause a transition from an orthorhombic phase tetragonal at x∼0.03, again higher content. ferroelectric were significantly improved by doping. 2Pr 16μC∕cm2, it reaches maximum value 26.4μC∕cm2 when the content 0.03. two relaxation peaks (PI, PII) are observed in loss (D) curves for all samples. PI PII related oxygen vacancies tend decrease with...

By means of variable separation approach, quite a general excitation the new (2 + 1)-dimensional long dispersive wave system: is derived. Some types usual localized excitations such as dromions, lumps, rings, and oscillating soliton can be easily constructed by selecting arbitrary functions appropriately. Besides these structures, some like fractal-dromion, fractal-lump, multi-peakon this system are found appropriate functions.

A novel method is developed to study the structural instability of a parallel array identical microbeams each which interacts with two neighboring through distance-dependent surface attractive forces (such as electrostatic, van der Waals or Casimir forces). First, based on simplified spring model, it verified that equilibrium deflections intermediate beams (except at ends array) would be negligibly small. Thus, when end-effect neglected, exact analysis shows critical value beam–beam...

A general mapping deformation method is applied to a generalized variable coefficient KdV equation. Many new types of exact solutions, including solitary wave periodic Jacobian and Weierstrass doubly solutions other excitations are obtained by the use simple algebraic transformation relation between equation cubic nonlinear Klein–Gordon

In this paper, by using the improved tanhmethod, hybridlattice system an d Ablowitzladiklattice are reduced to nonlinear algebraic equations, and then new exact solutions for these which include soliton wave periodic solutions, obtained through solving equations.

A Wick-type stochastic Korteweg–de Vries equation is researched. We establish a relationship between the and elliptic equation. With help of Hermit transformation mapping method, we obtain series exact Jacobi function solutions to in white noise environment.

A simple approximate method is suggested to determine the critical value for instability of a large parallel array mutually attracting microbeams, based on analysis small only few microbeams at ends original array. First, it verified by simplified spring system that equilibrium deflections all intermediate (except those two array) are negligibly small, and microbeam initialized Therefore, determined with its innermost fixed. The results obtained show relative errors in between substitute...

One of the advantages variational iteration method is free choice initial guess. In this paper we use basic idea Jacobian-function to construct a generalized trial function with some unknown parameters. The Jaulent–Miodek equations are used illustrate effectiveness and convenience method, new explicit exact travelling wave solutions have been obtained, which include bell-type soliton solution, kink-type solutions, solitary doubly periodic solutions.

In this paper, using the variable coefficient generalized projected Ricatti equation expansion method, we present explicit solutions of (2+1)-dimensional coefficients Broer–Kaup (VCBK) equations. These include Weierstrass function solution, solitary wave solutions, soliton-like and trigonometric solutions. Among these some are found for first time. Because three or four arbitrary functions, rich localized excitations can be found.

Comb-drive structures consisting of two opposing arrays microcantilevers have wide-spread use in MEMS. In this paper, a novel method is developed to study jump-to-together instability such comb-drive microcantilevers, each which attracted by neighboring through surface forces. Based on representative spring model given the Appendix, it verified that equilibrium deflections all intermediate (except those at ends array) would be negligibly small because attractions from sides are almost equal...