We review the published results on Congo Basin hydrology and summarize historic ongoing research. Annual rainfall is ~1900 mm/yr along an east-west trend across basin, decreasing northward southward to ~1100 mm/yr. Historic studies using lysimeters, pans, models suggest that annual potential evapotranspiration varies little basin at 1100 1200 Over past century, river discharge data have been collected hundreds of stream gauges with recent 96 locations now publicly available. River...

Abstract In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts Africa, and look at most probable causes these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We time series updated monthly annual runoff rivers North West Africa (Sahelian humid tropical regions) Central including largest basins: Niger Volta Congo Ogooue Africa. The recent years are studied perspective multi‐decadal variability. a part has changed since 1970, rainfall not returned to...

Abstract The confluence of the rivers Negro and Solimões gives birth to Amazon River near Manaus (Brazil). At their confluence, these two with very different physical geochemical characteristics provide an interesting example mixing waters along a reach approximately one‐hundred kilometres. purpose this article is describe explain spatial configuration Solimões–Negro Rivers zone, based on systematic sampling survey carried out in September 1997, using special sampler acoustic Doppler current...

Abstract The physical influence of sea tides on the lower reaches Amazon River can be identified more than 1000 km upstream from sea. Analysis tidal wave propagation contributes to understanding hydrodynamics and quantification level sedimentation rates. Continuous over‐the‐year recording water levels has been undertaken at eight locations along flow measurement campaigns have organized for different river discharge rates (100 000 m 3 s −1 , 190 250 ) sea‐tide amplitudes (2–3·5 m). Damping,...

In this study, 81 Landsat-8 scenes acquired from 2013 to 2015 were used estimate the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in Orinoco River at its main hydrological station Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. This gauging monitors an upstream area corresponding 89% of total catchment where mean discharge is 33,000 m3·s−1. SSC spatial and temporal variabilities analyzed relation cycle local geomorphological characteristics river mainstream. Three types atmospheric correction models evaluated correct...

Although the Congo Basin is still one of least studied river basins in world, this paper attempts to provide a multidisciplinary but non-exhaustive synthesis on general hydrology River by highlighting some points interest and particular results obtained over century surveys scientific studies. The especially marked its hydrological regularity only interrupted wet decade 1960, which major anomaly nearly 120 years daily observations. Its interannual flow 40,500 m3 s−1. This great should not...

Abstract The hydrology of the Ecuadorian Amazon basin is still poorly documented. research developed between Institute for Research and Development (IRD) National Meteorology Hydrology (INAMHI) Ecuador takes advantage a newly available rainfall discharge dataset to explore spatial distribution regimes in this region (135 600 km2). Forty-seven 27 stations were retained over 30-yr period (1965–94). A new annual isoyets map proposed Ecuador. most striking result high regime variability, extent...

Abstract This study compares the total suspended sediment (TSS), dissolved solids (TDS), and organic carbon (DOC) dynamics of two major inter‐tropical rivers, Congo in Central Africa Orinoco South America, focusing on sampling undertaken during period 2006–2010. Both rivers are characterized by similar mean annual discharges into Atlantic Ocean, its eastern western margins, respectively. For both results presented placed context available longer‐term hydrological time series (Congo:...

We report 2 yr of monthly data from the Congo River (the second largest river in world) on dissolved silicon concentrations, biogenic silica particle isotopic signatures silicon, and siliceous counts. Diatoms predominated fraction, especially during low flow; phytoliths sponge spicules were more abundant than diatoms only rainy season, when fluxes are low. Biological processes dominated seasonal variations δ 30 Si ratio that superimposed a constant abiotic value +0.70‰ ± 0.05‰ throughout...

Abstract The upstream‐downstream sediment budget along the Napo River (100 520 km 2 , 6300 m 3 s −1 ) was studied in Andean foothills of Ecuador, at west Amazon basin. A comparative study made during four hydrological cycles (2001–2005) for three stations located upstream, and one cycle (2004–2005) fourth near mouth (region Iquitos Peru). This analysis showed an unusual increase concentration suspended recorded western part plain. Like runoff (81 l ), which is a world's maximum, erosion rate...

Previous studies using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattering coefficients have been used to distinguish vegetation types, monitor flood conditions, and assess soil moisture variations over the wetlands. Here, we attempted estimate spatio-temporal water level central Congo mainstem covered with aquatic plants from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Scanning SAR (ScanSAR) images levels Envisat altimetry data. First,...

Abstract. The characterization of estuarine hydrodynamics primarily depends on knowledge the bathymetry and topography. Here, we present first comprehensive, high-resolution dataset topography Amazon River estuary, world's largest estuary. Our product is based an innovative approach combining spaceborne remote sensing data, extensive processed river depth dataset, auxiliary data. goal with this mapping to promote database usage in studies that require information, such as hydrodynamic...

This paper examines the Ubangi River's rising peak in October–November 2019 and flooding impact on its former bed at Bangui. From 19 October to 4 November 2019, discharge increased from 8500 12 400 m3.s−1, representing a daily average of 244 m3.s−1. The Qmaxi reached m3.s−1 for rating 750 cm, showing different frequencies: 10 years (1911–2019), 70 (1971–2019), 110 (1981–2019) with GEV lognormal distributions, 8 , 30 40 Gumbel distribution. occurrence hydroclimatically declining context...

Abstract This study presents the data collected within framework of an Observatory Research in Environment on Amazonian Basin—the ORE HYBAM. It relates to dissolved and solid loads two main rivers French Guiana, Maroni Oyapock rivers, running Guiana Shield draining respectively 64 230 24 630 km 2 . The low coefficient variation average annual flows indicates inter‐annual hydrological stability probably related immediate vicinity Atlantic Ocean. sedimentary load is mainly composed quartz...

Water discharge and suspended dissolved sediment data from three rivers (Napo, Pastaza Santiago) in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin a river Pacific (Esmeraldas) over 9-year period, are presented. This set allows us to present: (a) chemical weathering rates; (b) erosion rates, calculated Andean basin; (c) spatio-temporal variability of two regions; (d) relationship between this precipitation, topography, lithology seismic activity area. The solids load Esmeraldas was 2 × 106 t year-1, whereas for...

Abstract We analyzed two contrasting catchments located among the world's largest unspoiled tropical rainforests impacted by mining in northeastern coastlands of South America. used following: (a) mining, agricultural, and urbanized areas to compare land use evolution with suspended sediments sediment yields; (b) field monthly river (2004–2015: n = 154); (c) MODIS remote sensing water color technique Maroni basin complete ( 387) extend sampling from 2000 2015; (d) hydroclimatic statistical...

Abstract This study addresses the changes in dissolved major and trace element concentrations along Orinoco River, including mixing zone between Apure Rivers. Water samples from Rivers were collected monthly four sectors over a period of 15 months. Auxiliary parameters (pH, oxygen, conductivity, temperature), total suspended sediments, organic carbon (DOC), (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Si) (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr) measured all sectors. The relative contribution both rivers after Apure–Orinoco confluence...