ABSTRACT Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has highly evolved mechanisms for avoiding detection by the host immune system. Recently, in genomes of human and primate CMV, a novel gene comprising segments noncontiguous open reading frames was identified found to have limited predicted homology endogenous cellular interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here we investigate biological activities CMV IL-10-like product show it possess potent immunosuppressive properties. Both purified bacterium-derived recombinant IL-10...

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes a latent infection in hematopoietic cells, from which it can reactivate to cause significant disease immunocompromised individuals. HCMV expresses functional homolog of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (termed cmvIL-10), and alternate splicing cmvIL-10 transcript results expression latency-associated (LAcmvIL-10). To determine whether LAcmvIL-10 encodes functions, recombinant protein was generated, its impact on major...

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsid is a T=16 icosahedral shell that forms in the nuclei of infected cells. Capsid assembly also occurs vitro reaction mixtures created from insect cell extracts containing recombinant baculovirus-expressed HSV-1 proteins. During formation, major protein, VP5, and scaffolding pre-VP22a, condense to form structures are extended into procapsids by addition triplex proteins, VP19C VP23. We investigated whether proteins bind capsid-scaffold...

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Class epitopes have been classified as dominant or subdominant depending on magnitude CTL response to epitope. In this report, we examined vitro memory H-2d haplotype murine specific for a and epitope influenza hemagglutinin using activation marker expression staining with soluble tetrameric MHC–peptide complexes. Immune HA204-210 give rise effectors that display...

Modulation of host immune responses is a common strategy for promoting virus persistence and avoiding clearance. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) known to encode numerous immunomodulatory genes, including homolog the cytokine human interleukin-10 (hIL-10). While having limited sequence homology hIL-10, IL-10 (cmvIL-10) shares many functional characteristics with acts as potent suppressor inflammatory response. The mechanism by which hIL-10 inhibits cytokines involves transcriptional block via...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. While a small fraction of breast cancers have hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact development cancer. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) member Herpesviridae family that widespread in general population has been linked to several forms HCMV DNA found some tissue specimens, we wanted investigate whether secreted viral cytokine might an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. encodes...

Cancer is the result of unregulated cell growth that leads to tumor formation, and in many cases, metastases. Although there are several risk factors associated with cancer, one area remains poorly understood impact infectious disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) a member herpesvirus family highly prevalent population. HCMV usually causes clinical disease only immune compromised individuals, but recent evidence suggests may be strongly some forms particularly glioblastoma breast cancer. We...

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved numerous strategies for evading host immune defenses, including piracy of cellular cytokines. A viral homolog interleukin-10, designated cmvIL-10, binds to the IL-10 receptor and effects potent suppression. The signaling pathways employed by cmvIL-10 were investigated, classic IL-10R/JAK1/Stat3 pathway was found be activated in monocytes. However, inhibition JAK1 had little effect on cmvIL-10-mediated suppression tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus with both lytic and latent life cycles. encodes 2 viral cytokines that are orthologs of human cellular interleukin 10 (cIL-10). Both (cmvIL-10) Latency-associated (LAcmvIL-10) (collectively vIL-10) expressed during infection cause immunosuppressive effects impede virus clearance. LAcmvIL-10 also myeloid progenitor cells monocytes facilitates persistence. Here, we investigated whether vIL-10 could be detected natural infection.Plasma from healthy...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen and member of the Herpesviridae family. HCMV has large genome that encodes many genes are non-essential for virus replication but instead play roles in manipulation host immune environment. One these US27 gene, which protein with homology to chemokine receptor family G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The no known ligands can modulate signaling activity CXCR4. We investigated mechanism enhanced CXCR4 presence using novel biosensor...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent pathogen that establishes lifelong infection in the host. Virus persistence aided by extensive manipulation of host immune system, particularly cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways. The HCMV UL111A gene encodes cmvIL-10, an ortholog human interleukin-10 has many immunomodulatory effects. We found cmvIL-10 increased outcomes from CXCR4, receptor with essential roles hematopoiesis cell trafficking, response to its natural ligand CXCL12. Calcium...

While some risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, the influence of other factors, particularly virus infection, remains unclear. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is widespread in general population, and both molecular epidemiological evidence has indicated links between HCMV cancer. The protein cmvIL-10 a potent suppressor immune function that also been shown to promote proliferation migration cells. In this study, impact on tumor cell invasion through simulated basement membrane was...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitous in the population but generally causes only mild or asymptomatic infection except immune suppressed individuals. HCMV employs numerous strategies for manipulating infected cells, including mimicry of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The US27 gene product a putative GPCR, yet no ligand signaling has been identified this receptor. In present study, immunofluorescence microscopy was used to examine cellular distribution wild type US27, as well...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide, causing deafness, blindness, and other serious birth defects. CXCR4 a human chemokine receptor that crucial for both fetal development immune responses. We found HCMV protein US27 stimulates increased expression of through activation transcription factor nuclear respiratory 1 (NRF-1). NRF-1 regulates stress response genes contain antioxidant element (ARE), associated with many when present. Our results show...