A5058364616- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Phytase and its Applications
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Garlic and Onion Studies
University of Cambridge
2014-2023
Huazhong Agricultural University
2023
John Innes Centre
2003-2016
Sainsbury Laboratory
2003-2016
Biochemical Society
2016
Syngenta (United Kingdom)
2013
Royal Society
2008-2013
West Suffolk College
2013
Norwich Research Park
1999-2011
Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica
2010
Summary Transient gene expression is a fast, flexible and reproducible approach to high‐level of useful proteins. In plants, recombinant strains Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used for transient genes that have been inserted into the T‐DNA region bacterial Ti plasmid. A culture vacuum‐infiltrated leaves, upon transfer, there ectopic interest in plant cells. However, utility system limited because protein ceases after 2–3 days. Here, we show post‐transcriptional silencing (PTGS) major cause...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21 nucleotide noncoding RNAs produced by Dicer-catalyzed excision from stem-loop precursors. Many plant miRNAs play critical roles in development, nutrient homeostasis, abiotic stress responses, and pathogen responses via interactions with specific target mRNAs. not the only Dicer-derived small plants: A substantial amount of total RNA abundance an overwhelming sequence diversity is contributed distinct classes 21- to 24-nucleotide short interfering RNAs....
In transgenic and nontransgenic plants, viruses are both initiators targets of a defense mechanism that is similar to posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Recently, it was found potyviruses cucumoviruses encode pathogenicity determinants suppress this mechanism. Here, we test diverse virus types for the ability PTGS. Nicotiana benthamiana exhibiting PTGS green fluorescent protein transgene were infected with range unrelated various potato X vectors producing viral factors. Upon...
ARGONAUTE (AGO) RNA-binding proteins are involved in RNA silencing. They bind to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) through a conserved PAZ domain, and, animals, they assemble into multisubunit RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The mammalian AGO2, termed Slicer, directs siRNA- miRNA-mediated cleavage of target RNA. In Arabidopsis, there 10 members the AGO family, AGO1 protein is potentially Slicer component different RNA-silencing pathways. Here, we show that...
The phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene of Nicotiana benthamiana was silenced in plants infected with potato virus X (PVX) vectors carrying PDS inserts, and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene PVX-GFP. This virus-induced silencing (VIGS) is post-transcriptional cytoplasmic because it targeted against exons rather than introns RNA viral RNAs. Although GFP RNAs are most likely through the same mechanism, VIGS phenotypes differed two respects. mRNA by all tissue PVX-PDS-infected plant,...
Summary Virus vectors carrying host‐derived sequence inserts induce silencing of the corresponding genes in infected plants. This virus‐induced gene (VIGS) is a manifestation an RNA‐mediated defence mechanism that related to post‐transcriptional (PTGS) transgenic Here we describe infectious cDNA clone tobacco rattle virus (TRV) has been modified facilitate insertion non‐viral and subsequent infection We show this vector mediates VIGS endogenous absence symptoms. Unlike other RNA have used...
Gene silencing in plants, which an endogenous gene is suppressed by introduction of a related transgene, has been used for crop improvement. Observations that viruses are potentially both initiators and targets suggested this phenomenon may be to natural defense against viruses. Supporting idea, it was found nepovirus infection nontransgenic plants induces resistance mechanism similar transgene-induced silencing.
Floral initiation and floral organ development are both regulated by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA). For example, in short-day photoperiods, Arabidopsis transition is strongly promoted GA-mediated activation of meristem-identity gene LEAFY. In addition, anther pollen microsporogenesis depend on opposition function specific members DELLA family GA-response repressors. We describe role a microRNA (miR159) regulation photoperiod flowering time development. MiR159 directs cleavage mRNA...
Plants encode subunits for a fourth RNA polymerase (Pol IV) in addition to the well-known DNA-dependent polymerases I, II, and III. By mutation of two largest (NRPD1a NRPD2), we show that Pol IV silences certain transposons repetitive DNA short interfering pathway involving RNA-dependent 2 Dicer-like 3. The existence this distinct silencing may explain paradoxical involvement an maintenance transcriptional silencing.
Rx-mediated extreme resistance against potato virus X in does not involve a necrotic hypersensitive response at the site of initial infection and thereby differs from more usual type disease plants. However, Rx protein is structurally similar to products genes conferring response. We show both Nicotiana spp that has potential initiate cell death but separate epistatic necrosis. These data indicate pathogen arrest are responses
siRNA Movement in Plant Tissues Long-distance movement of RNA interference (RNAi)–derived signals plants plays an important role development and defense against viral attack. The nature the that spread from cell to is not known, although evidence suggests they are nucleic acids some sort (see Perspective by Martienssen ). Molnar et al. (p. 872 , published online 22 April) Dunoyer 912 now show Arabidopsis both exogenous endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), rather than their long...
Analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) small RNA data sets revealed the presence a regulatory cascade affecting disease resistance. The initiators are microRNA members an unusually diverse superfamily in which miR482 and miR2118 prominent members. Members this variable sequence abundance different species, but all variants target coding for P-loop motif mRNA sequences resistance proteins with nucleotide binding site (NBS) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs. We confirm, using transient...
Despite a significant growth in food production over the past half-century, one of most important challenges facing society today is how to feed an expected population some nine billion by middle 20th century. To meet demand for without increases prices, it has been estimated that we need produce 70–100 per cent more food, light growing impacts climate change, concerns energy security, regional dietary shifts and Millennium Development target halving world poverty hunger 2015. The goal...
The gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria was introduced into the expression cassette a virus vector based on potato X (PVX). Host plants PVX inoculated with PVX.GFP became systemically infected. Production GFP in these detected initially between 1 and 2 days postinoculation by presence regions leaf that fluoresced bright under UV light. Subsequently, this fluorescence evident infected tissue. could be several methods. simplest looking at UV-illuminated darkened...
Summary The suitability of potato virus X (PVX) as a gene vector in plants was tested by analysis two viral constructs. In the first, GUS Escherichia coli substituted for coat protein gene. second, added into genome coupled to duplicated copy promoter mRNA. construct with accumulated poorly inoculated protoplasts and failed spread from site infection plants. These results suggest role key stages cycle show that replacement constructs are not suitable production PVX‐based vector. mRNA also...