Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are a recent ground-breaking advancement in attaining power conversion efficiencies exceeding 21%. However, the toxicity of lead these PSCs could be deterrent for large-scale development due to environmental concerns. The methylammonium tin triiodide (CH3NH3SnI3) perovskite has been successfully employed lead-free as an alternative CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. have mostly realized with highly expensive spiro-OMeTAD...

Abstract MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, have wide range potential applications due to their unique electronic, optical, plasmonic, other properties. SnO 2 –Ti 3 C MXene with different contents Ti (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 wt‰), experimentally, has been used as electron transport layers (ETLs) in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). The SCAPS-1D simulation software could simulate perovskite solar cell comprised CH NH PbI absorber (or ) ETL. results like...

Applying MXenes, a recently discovered class of two-dimensional materials, for detection nucleobases has been attracting much interest due to their excellence in electronic and optical properties. On the other hand, owing importance nucleobase DNA sequencing, testing gene-related disease, disease treatment, study MXenes this field appears be promising. This work focuses on potential by mixed functionalization titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2) with oxygen sulfur atoms, employing first-principles...

A new class of two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides called MXenes has gathered more interest due to their photovoltaic applications. For the MXenes, different surface termination techniques grant them various roles improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance. Based on experimental evidence, bandgap active layers in PSC was not altered; however, work function greatly influenced. We report influence additive Ti3C2Tx MXene into absorber electron transport a PSC,...

A large and rapidly expanding class of two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides called MXenes, with their interesting photovoltaic applications tunable surface termination, has found a vast range in improving the performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Metal carbonate hydroxides have emerged as novel and promising candidates for water splitting due to their good electrochemical properties eco-friendly features. In this study, the hierarchical mesoporous structure of nickel hydroxide hydrate (Ni

The competitive growth process of ballistic deposition is studied experimentally using x-ray reflectivity characterization silicon thin films deposited with various vapor incidence angles. Linear profiles film density thickness are shown to reproduce the observed spectra. A porosity about 10% was in first few atomic layers atop substrate, decreasing near zero for between normal and $60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, increasing 50% above angles...

The plasma treatment affects the size distribution of amorphous phase TiO₂ nanoparticles and leaves crystalline unaltered.

A new class of two-dimensional (2D) metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides called MXenes has gathered more interest due to their photovoltaic applications. For the MXenes, different surface termination techniques grant them various roles improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance. Based on experimental evidence, band gap active layers in PSC was not altered; however, work function greatly influenced. We report influence additive Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene into absorber electron transport a...

Using an ideal model for quantum well solar cells, a theoretical work is done to explore the dependence of terminal characteristics Al0.56Ga0.44As cell properties. Two systems constant and variable width multiquantum wells (VWMQW) are considered in study. Open-circuit voltages, short-circuit current densities, conversion efficiencies calculated assuming AM1.5 illumination at temperature 300 K. The assumed VWMQW structures compared with multiple width.

A grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity technique is used to determine the electron density profile as a function of depth in CoFe-Ru-CoFe and CoFe-Ru nano-oxide layer (NOL)–CoFe trilayers. Four trilayers with ruthenium thicknesses 8, 8.5, 9Å one Ru 8.5Å NOL, prepared by dc planetary sputtering system, were investigated. For all samples, (EDP) shows central peak that related layer. Natural oxidation samples introduces graded EDP top CoFe layers, which decreases gradually zero. The large...

<title>Abstract</title> Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without hole transport layer (HTL) based on organic and inorganic metal halide perovskite have received vast consideration in recent years. For predigestion of device structure construction process, the exclusion HTL is a marvelous way. By detaching part devices, we could reduce cost complexity structures. Currently, novel 2D material named Ti₃C₂ MXene with high electron mobility, excellent metallic conductivity,...

Spray pyrolysis technique was applied to deposit two sets of ultra‐thin layers tin dioxide (SnO 2 ). For the first and second sets, 0.01 0.05 molar precursor solutions were prepared, respectively. In both utilizing X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) technique, effect concentration (PC) volume (PV) on layer structure are investigated. The thickness samples, in each set, is a PV‐dependent parameter. same PV, samples with higher PC have larger density. electron density profiles deduced from XRR data...

Purpose: To design and evaluate a patient‐specific quality assurance program for HDR Brachytherapy of rectal cancer. Methods: A solid water phantom with applicator positioned in the center was designed. Dose distributions were measured two sheets EBT3 model GAFCHROMIC™ film placed at 2 cm above 5 below applicator. Treatment plans 12 patients studied, each plan recalculated geometry. FilmQA software used to compare calculated doses using Gamma function. The region interest (ROI) analysis...

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without hole transport layer (HTL) based on organic and inorganic metal halide perovskite have received vast consideration in recent years. For predigestion of device structure construction process, the exclusion HTL is a marvelous way. By detaching part devices, we could reduce cost complexity structures. Currently, novel 2D material named Ti 3 C 2 MXene with high electron mobility, excellent metallic conductivity functionalized surface groups applied for...