A fast and convenient soil analytical technique is needed for quality assessment precision management. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) predict diverse properties. Near‐infrared spectra, obtained from a Perstrop NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator (Foss NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD), 33 chemical, physical, biochemical properties were studied 802 samples collected four Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs)....

Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast thermally transform into bio‐oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the needs pyrolyzer. Bio‐oil is an raw material (∼17 MJ kg −1 ) that can burned to generate heat or shipped refinery processing transportation fuels. Charcoal also used energy; however, application charcoal co‐product soils key sustainability. Application hypothesized increase...

Abstract Pyrolysis is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and robust thermochemical technology for transforming biomass into bio‐oil, biochar, syngas. The nature of the pyrolysis technology, which allows considerable flexibility in both type quality feedstock, combined with distributed network small plants, would be compatible existing agriculture forestry infrastructure. Bio‐oil can used as fuel industrial boilers. Biochar infrastructure replacement pulverized coal; however, use biochar soil...

Abstract Increasing the water‐holding capacity of sandy soils will help improve efficiency water use in agricultural production, and may be critical for providing enough energy food an increasing global population. We hypothesized that addition biochar increase a loam soil, depth incorporation influence rate surface oxidation amended soils. Hardwood fast pyrolysis was mixed with soil (0%, 3%, 6% w/w) placed into columns either bottom 11.4 cm or top to simulate deep banding rows ( DBR )...

Understanding and improving environmental quality by reducing soil nutrient leaching losses, bioavailability of contaminants, sequestering C, greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing crop productivity in highly weathered or degraded soils, has been the goal agroecosystem researchers producers for years. Biochar, produced pyrolysis biomass, may help attain these goals. The desire to advance understanding agronomic implication biochar utilization led organization 2010 American Society Agronomy-Soil...

Tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) are used extensively for growth promotion therapeutic purposes in livestock production. The sorption of TC CTC on clays, humic substances (HS), clay-humic complexes (clay-HC) derived from two agricultural soils was quantified using dilute CaCl2 (Ca) KCI (K) as background solutions. In all systems, the soil components sorbed > 96% added tetracyclines. Strongest observed followed by HS, then clay-HC. Greater Ca systems than K decreased with...

Biochars are potentially effective sorbents for NH

Biochar has gained recent interest as a soil amendment and agent for carbon sequestration.

The capacity of biochars to adsorb ionic contaminants is strongly influenced by biochar surface chemistry. We studied the effects biomass feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, reaction media pH, and AlCl pre-pyrolysis treatments on anion exchange (AEC), cation (CEC), point zero net charge (PZNC), salt effect (PZSE). used relationship between PZNC PZSE probe surfaces for presence unstable (hydrolyzable) functional groups. results indicate that produced at ≤500°C have high CECs low AEC, PZSE,...

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive analytical technique that can be used to quantify various soil properties. The objective of this study was evaluate the ability NIRS independently organic C, inorganic total N content diverse materials. Samples (n = 108) were prepared by mixing with CaCO3, humic acid, and/or compost About 30% samples selected randomly for validation set, remaining assigned calibration set. NIR spectra these correlated measured values...

Abstract In soils low in organic matter, pesticide adsorption and desorption by clay minerals may strongly influence the fate of pesticides soil environments. Atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) adsorption‐desorption was determined on 11 reference smectites (<2‐µm size fraction), a smectite (<0.02‐µm fraction from Ap horizon fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll). For each sample, isotherms were using batch equilibration. clays decreased with increasing...

Processing biomass through a distributed network of fast pyrolyzers may be sustainable platform for producing energy from biomass. Fast thermally transform into bio-oil, syngas, and charcoal. The syngas could provide the needs pyrolyzer. Bio-oil is an raw material (∼17 MJ kg−1) that can burned to generate heat or shipped refinery processing transportation fuels. Charcoal also used energy; however, application charcoal co-product soils key sustainability. Application hypothesized increase...

Abstract Analytical methods for monitoring the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, defining atmospheric transport coefficients, and solution phase chemistry have been developed to define processes regulating emission of malodorous other VOCs from a high odor swine production facility. Of 40 compounds identified in liquid outdoor air samples facility, 27 were confirmed contribute decreased quality vicinity Specifically, C2 through C9 acids demonstrated greatest potential quality, since...

Previous studies indicate that biochar additions sometimes increase soil respiration and CO2 emissions which could partially offset C credits associated with applications. Little is known, however, about the impact of on mineralization manure in systems how interactions between sequestration greenhouse gas (GHG) from soils. We studied effect dried swine changes bulk density (Db), total organic carbon (SOC), N2O during a 500-d column incubation study. The addition to increased SOC content...

Abstract Smectites may strongly influence the fate of pesticides in soils due to their large surface area and abundance agricultural soils. This research was undertaken determine effects smectite properties on affinity smectitic clays for atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1, 3, 5 triazine). Samples <2‐µm fraction were separated by sedimentation from 13 reference smectites treated with H 2 O removal organic matter. A soil sample (<0.02‐µm fraction) a...