Labile C inputs into soils will be partially transformed soil organic carbon (SOC) through microbial assimilation or physicochemical protection as such mineral-organic interactions and aggregation. The may stimulate the decomposition of native SOC, inducing a phenomenon known priming effect. Increasing increase SOC content, yet relative role these mechanisms in controlling magnitudes among remains unclear. Four differing microbiology N content were incubated with 13C-labeled glucose at...

In the Internet of Things monitoring systems, fresh information delivery and efficient energy usage are two significant design concerns. However, they generally cannot be simultaneously achieved. this paper, we investigate fundamental tradeoff between age (AoI) consumption (EC) for a generalized <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell$</tex-math></inline-formula> th best relay selection policy...

Relaying is an effective method to achieve reliable and timely data collection, which one of the most important parts underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Considering that relay position determines reliability communication, we study problem placement place autonomous vehicle (AUV) mobile transmission realize reliable, low-latency, low-energy collection in UASNs. First, formulate positions can meet a certain frame error rate (FER) requirement as FER-restricted area (FRA), approximate...

Preferences that verify the transitivity property are usually referred to as rational or consistent preferences. Existent methods improve consistency of inconsistent fuzzy reciprocal preference relations (FPRs) fail retain original values because they always derive a new FPR. This article presents inconsistency identification and modification (IIM) method detect rectify only most elements an As such, proposed IIM can be considered local adjustment multiplicative (MC) FPRs. The case FPRs with...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental health disorders that can affect sleep, mood, appetite, and behavior people. Multimodal neuroimaging data, such as functional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, have been widely used in computer-aided detection MDD. However, previous studies usually treat these two modalities separately, without considering their potentially complementary information. Even though a few propose integrating modalities, they suffer...

This letter proposes a direct-sequence ultrasonic wideband (DS-UsWB) for intra-body communications (IBCs). The DS technology superimposed channel coding is proposed to enable simultaneous multi-node in body area networks (BANs). We simulate the impulse response model human arm by k-Wave, and analyze chip duration pulse requirements avoid an inter-symbol interference (ISI) inter-pulse (IPI) DS-UsWB. then derive closed-form formulations data rate bit error (BER) DS-UsWB system. Simulation...

This paper focuses on the timely delivery of status updates for a multi-relay assisted energy harvesting (EH) Internet Things system with short packet communications (SPC), where an EH-powered source transmits to destination aid multiple relays. To improve efficiency and information freshness, earliest- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell $ </tex-math></inline-formula> partial relay...

Computer aided diagnosis methods play an important role in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) identification. Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis has been widely used for ADHD based on resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), which can help capture abnormalities of brain activity. However, most existing dFC-based only focus dependencies between two adjacent timestamps, ignoring global dynamic evolution patterns. Furthermore, the majority these fail to...

Molecular communication (MC) is an emerging field aiming at realizing information exchange via chemical signals between nanomachines in nanonetworks. Information transmission that energy-efficient and relies on relatively low-complexity transceiver techniques of practical importance for MC systems. Based the fact constellation shaping can improve energy efficiency, this paper, we propose a molecular shell mapping (MSM) scheme to implement probabilistic MC. The MSM method designed exploit...

Intra-body communication (IBC) plays a significant role in future health care systems. This article proposes pulse-based ultrasonic index modulation (UsIM) to enable high data rate and low power IBCs. Two grouping-based UsIM strategies, namely grouped-chip indexed (UsCIM) chip-group (UsGIM), are proposed implement multiple access for intra-body networks (IBNs). UsCIM uses the chip indices group convey additional information bits biosensor node, while UsGIM each node occupies one group. Three...

Using Loess of clay (LC) which is low-cost, highly hydrophilic and small granule materials, biocompatible itaconic acid (IA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) as functional monomers, a novel polymer composite adsorbent (LC/PIHN) was prepared by in-situ copolymerization. It applied to remove copper ions from wastewater, the mechanism adsorption investigated. showed that Cu(II) removal more than 99.8% at room temperature. The kinetics isotherms LC/PIHN fit...

This paper proposes an ultrasonic backscatter communication (UsBC) system for passive implantable medical devices (IMDs) that can operate without batteries, enabling versatile revolutionary applications future healthcare. The proposed UsBC consists of a reader and tag. sends interrogation pulses to the tag backscatters based on piezoelectric effect piezo transducer. We present several basic modulation schemes by impedance matching To mitigate interference other scatters in human body,...

The Bayan Obo Mine in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, is largest rare earth ore deposit world. Baotou Iron and Steel Group (Baotou Steel) charge of exploitation. Every year, approximately 12 million tons are transported from mine to factory by rail for dressing smelting. transportation these massive quantities has a large environmental impact. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA) method, this study explores impact railway Mine. Our results indicate that primarily due marine...

Ultrasonic intra-body communication (IBC) is a promising enabling technology for future healthcare applications, due to low attenuation and medical safety of ultrasonic waves the human body. A splitting receiver, referred as splitting-detection separate-decision (SDSD) introduced pulse-based IBCs, SDSD can significantly improve bit-error rate (BER) performance over traditional coherent-detection (CD) energy detection (ED) receivers. To overcome high complexity BER SDSD, joint-decision (SDJD)...

Molecular type permutation shift keying (MTPSK) performs information transmission by the full permutations of different molecular types, which can combat severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) in communications. This letter proves that achievable rate (AR) MTPSK is restricted its modulation principle and as a remedy proposes an enhanced (E-)MTPSK to improve AR conveying through partial types. The exact approximate ARs are derived for E-MTPSK, MTPSK, keying. Numerical results on bit error...

In this paper, we investigate the missing elements estimation issue of incomplete fuzzy reciprocal preference relation. Based on multiplicative consistency property, a constrained nonlinear optimization model, which aims for making induced matrix close to zero, is proposed estimate in The numerical example illustrated show correctness and effectiveness method. Our method not only estimates accurately but also improves consistency, makes decision result derived from relation could be...

Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) is a promising technique employed in molecular communications, utilizing shell mapping (MSM). However, the performance of MSM, particularly its bit error rate (BER), falls short when exact channel state information unavailable. To address this challenge and enhance robustness, we propose scheme known as Reed-Solomon coded PCS (RS-PCS) scheme. This approach combines coding through parallel transmitter structure, preserving shaped distribution at...

The hydration property of cement directly affects the performance index concrete, so it is necessary to monitor setting process cement. aim this paper by ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic monitoring a kind dynamic non-destructive testing technology, which has advantages real-time, on-line and continuous. In paper, an in-situ technology based on embedded piezoelectric ceramic sensor introduced. results show that amplitude change signal received can indirectly reflect solid liquid, especially...