The choice of pattern classifier and the technique used to extract features are main factors judge recognition accuracy capability an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system. focus this work is obtained by binarization for handwritten characters English language. character images have been done using multi-layered feed forward artificial neural network as a classifier. Some preprocessing techniques such thinning, foreground background noise removal, cropping size normalization etc. also...

Character Segmentation is the most crucial step for any OCR (Optical Recognition) System. The selection of segmentation algorithm being used key factor in deciding accuracy system. If there a good characters, recognition will also be high. words into characters becomes very difficult due to cursive and unconstrained nature handwritten script. This paper proposes new vertical which points are located after thinning word image get stroke width single pixel. knowledge shape geometry English...

Objective: To present a concise and comprehensive summarization of various impedance matching techniques for microstrip patch antennas. Method: Designing an network is central issue optimum performance in every part RF systems like transceiver, amplifier antenna to ensure maximum power transfer. Various design formulae calculate the input should be known designer. Finding: In this paper along with their equations are presented that utilize quarter wave transformer, taper lines, open or short...

Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a new paradigm of wireless network, offering unrestricted mobility without any underlying infrastructure such as base station or mobile switching centers.Basically ad network is collection nodes communicating with each other by forming multi-hop network.In it much more vulnerable to attacks than wired due its limited physical security, dynamically changing topology, energy constrained operations and lack centralized administration.Since all the in...

Characters extraction is the most critical pre-processing step for any off-line text recognition system because characters are smallest unit of language script. The paper proposes an approach to segment character images from containing and computer printed or handwritten words. This segmentation app roach based on a set properties each connected component (object) in whole binary image machine some other images. These words which along with different lengths by cursive fonts sizes. technique...

This work is focused on improving the character recognition capability of feed-forward back-propagation neural network by using one, two and three hidden layers modified additional momentum term.182 English letters were collected for this equivalent binary matrix form these characters was applied to as training patterns.While getting trained, connection weights at each epoch learning.For sample, error surface examined minima computing gradient descent.We started experiment one layer number...

In the present study, we a new steganography technique for hiding data in images using parity checker.This method uses concept of odd and even insertion retrieval message.This is an improvement over earlier methods like least significant bit 6 th , 7 [1] information images.Our retains advantages above but discards disadvantages provides us optimal results.

Handwritten numeral recognition has always been a very challenging task due to many variations in handwritten numerals with different writing styles. It is an active research area now day. To tackle these and get optimal results, hybrid feature set, which consists of multiple extraction approaches like Box Method, Mean, Standard Deviation Centre Gravity, used this paper for recognizing the numerals. A Neural network successfully classifying 550 samples taken from "The Chars74" dataset. The...

Background: The data proliferation has been resulted in large-scale, high dimensional and brings new challenges for feature selection handwriting recognition problems. practical like the large variability ambiguities present individual’s style demand an optimal algorithm that would be capable to enhance accuracy of system with reduced training efforts computational cost. Objective: This paper gives emphasis on process proposed a genetic based technique handwritten digit recognition. Methods:...

Abstract Intelligent Transportation System is a field which daily paving way for new technologies. Communication in vehicular devices has paved security breaches. Vehicle-to-everything connects each and every device to our vehicle just like Internet of Things everything the internet. Everything connected internet, prone attack. It very difficult track source information. Authentication big issue be solved. This paper provided cognitive approach address this problem effectively ITS. A...